目的:调查学龄前儿童近视眼的流行病学状况、分析相关因素,为早期预防近视提供一定依据。方法:随机选取佛山市五区属下幼儿园5182例3~6岁学龄前儿童作为调查对象。使用尼德克AR-20快速电脑验光仪对所选儿童进行屈光筛查。可疑近视者和屈光度≤+2.00D者予10g/L阿托品眼膏涂双眼3d,由专人进行视网膜检影。确诊为近视及屈光度≤+2.00D的儿童由专人进行近视相关因素调查。确诊为近视者经适当的屈光矫正后,每6mo进行1次屈光复查,按要求进行为期1a的随访。结果:学龄前儿童近视眼患病率为1.95%,城区2.10%,农村1.80%;其中3~<4岁占0.98%,4~<5岁占1.96%,5~6岁占2.45%。相关因素分析:学龄前儿童近视眼发生与近亲近视史密切相关。城区与农村学龄前儿童近视眼发病情况无显著性差异。结论:学龄前儿童近视在临床上并不少见,不容忽视。

AIM:To investigate and analyze the epidemiology of preschool children with myopia, and provid a basis for early prevention of myopia. METHODS: A total of 5182 preschool children aged 3 to 6 of kindergarten in foshan were randomly selected to be surveyed. Refractive screening of the selected children was made by using NIDEK auto refractometer AR-20. The children with suspected myopia and diopter ≤+2.00D were smeared 10g/L atropine on eyes for 3 days and carried out retinoscopy by specially-assigned person. The children diagnosed as myopia and diopter ≤+2.00D were carried out a survey of myopia by specially-assigned person. After correction of refractive errors, myope was required to reexamined every 6 months and followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: Prevalence rate of myopia in preschool children was 1.95%, urban 2.10%, rural 1.80%; 3 to 4 years old 0.98%, 4 to 5 years old 1.96%, 5 to 6 years old 2.45%. The incidence of myopia in preschool children was closely related to the history of myopia in consanguinity. There was no significant difference between urban and rural in the incidence of myopia in preschool children. CONCLUSION: Preschool children with myopia is not uncommon and should not be ignored.

中国广东省卫生厅医学科研基金资助项目(No.A2004094)~~