圆锥角膜(keratoconus)是一种常见的非炎症性、慢性、进展性、角膜局部扩张性疾病,以中央或旁中央角膜基质变薄、中央顶点呈圆锥形突出变形,角膜失去正常的弧形,产生不规则散光和形成瘢痕为特征。圆锥角膜的病因至今尚未明确,有一定家族遗传倾向,同时发现其与胶原发育障碍、内分泌与细胞代谢紊乱、免疫缺陷等有关,也可能是多因素发病机制。随着角膜屈光手术治疗的广泛开展,圆锥角膜的早期诊断,意义深远。熟练掌握圆锥角膜临床特点及常用诊断标准,尤其是早期诊断,术前准确筛查圆锥角膜,对于开展角膜屈光手术工作、有效防治手术并发症至关重要。我们就圆锥角膜的临床特点和目前所采用的诊治方法进行综述。

Keratoconus is a common non-inflammatory,chronic,progressive,corneal local expansionary disease,with features as follows:the central or beside central corneal stroma thinning,conical prominent deformation in central vertex,corneal loses its normal arc,produces irregular astigmatism and scar,thus leading to the cornea optical performance severely reduction,.The etiology of conical cornea is not yet clear,with certain genetic predisposition,also relevant with collagen developmental disorders,endocrine and metabolic disorder,immune cell defects and so on,also may be multifactor pathogenesis.With generalization of corneal refractive surgical treatment,early diagnosis of keratoconus is of far-reaching significance.Mastering clinical characteristics and common diagnostic criteria,especially early diagnosis,accurate preoperative screening of keratoconus,are very important for implementing corneal refractive surgery,effective prevention and cure of surgical complications.In this paper,clinical features of keratoconus and current treatment methods are briefly discussed.

R772.21