目的:了解北海市3～15岁少年儿童视力低常者屈光状态。方法:对北海市3～15岁在校学生共19032例进行普查,其中男10503例,占受检总人数55.2%,女8529例,占受检总人数44.8%。结果:裸眼视力≥1.0者,男6650例,占受检男生总人数63.3%,女4575例,占受检女生总人数53.6%。视力低常者,男3853例,占受检男生总人数36.7%,女3954例,占受检女生总人数46.4%。视力低常发生率:幼儿组<小学组<初中组。各组之间视力低常发生率均为女生>男生,且随着年龄的增长视力低常发生率呈现增长趋势,从小学到初中有显著增长。视力低常的屈光状态:3～6岁以轻度远视眼多见,从7岁开始以近视眼为主,10岁开始轻度近视发生率逐年减少,中、重度近视发生率逐年增长。弱视的屈光类型以远视散光为主。结论:对处于生长发育期的少年儿童进行视力普查是发现并预防屈光不正的重要手段。屈光状态筛查、屈光不正矫正以及早期适当的治疗和正确科学的指导是阻止和延缓病情发生、发展及防治弱视的有效方法。对于3～15岁的视力低常者我们应采取积极有效的综合防治措施。

AIM:To understand the refractive status of teenagers and children with abnormal visual acuity aged 3-15 in Beihai.METHODS:The 3-15 years old teenagers and children generally surveyed amounted to 19032 ones,including 10503 boys,accounting for 55.2% of the total number,8529 girls,accounting for 44.8% of the total number.RESULTS:Students whose naked vision was over 1.0,contained 6650 boys,63.3% of the total number of boys,and 4575 girls,53.6% of the total number of girls.Those who had poor eyesight included 3,853 boys,36.7% of the total number of boys,and 3,954 girls,46.4% of the total number of girls.The incidence of abnormal visual acuity:young children group<primary school group<junior middle school group.The incidence of abnormal visual acuity between groups:generally girls>boys,and the incidence of abnormal visual acuity often revealed an increasing tendency with age.There was a significant growth from primary school to junior middle school.The refractive status of abnormal visual acuity:hypermetropia was seen more often among 3-6 years old children,then myopia became major from the age of 7.The incidence of mild myopia reduced year by year from the age of 10,but that of middle and severe myopia increased year by year.Abnormal visual acuity of kid-group was mainly resulted by hyperopia,which of primary and junior middle school group were mainly resulted by myopia,and the incidence of myopia in the group of junior middle school was higher than primary school.Refractive type of amblyopia was primarily hyperopia astigmatism.CONCLUSION:General survey of visual acuity to the children in the period of growth was an important way to find out and prevent ametropia.Screening the refractive status,remedying ametropia,the early proper treatment and correct scientific guidance were all effective methods to prevent and delay the disease development.They were also ways of preventing and curing amblyopia.We ought to adopt positive and effective comprehensive measures of prevention and treatment to the 3-15 years old students with abnormal visual acuity.

R181.3

中国广西壮族自治区北海市科学研究与技术开发计划资助项目(No.200801061)~~