目的:通过对随州城区学龄前儿童弱视流行病学进行调查分析,从而为弱视的防治探索出良好的方法。方法:首先由经医师培训的各幼儿园老师对学龄前儿童作检查前视力表训练,再由园医配合我院眼科医生进行视力检查,经反复检查裸眼视力<0.8和有斜视者列为进一步散瞳验光检查对象,再由专职的小儿眼科医生扩瞳后进行屈光间质及眼底检查以排除眼部器质性病变,再进行视网膜检影验光,并查矫正视力,然后观察弱视与低视力、性别、年龄的关系,各种类型弱视及不同注视性质的分布比例。结果:学龄前儿童视力低下及弱视患病率男女无显著性差异,3～6岁各年龄组视力低下率有显著性差异;在屈光不正性弱视中,轻度弱视占比例最大,中度弱视次之,仅1例重度弱视;在屈光参差和斜视性弱视中,中度弱视比例最大,在形觉剥夺和其他类型弱视中,重度弱视占有比例最大;远视性屈光不正程度愈高,中度弱视所占比例愈大;斜视性弱视多伴有远视性屈光不正;共同性斜视与屈光不正关系密切,一般认为共同性斜视与远视有关系,外斜视与近视关系不大。结论:通过对幼儿园学龄前儿童视力筛查,早发现、早治疗是很有必要的。弱视儿童中,以屈光不正性、轻中度及中心注视性质为主,及时治疗对患儿的痊愈是很有帮助的。弱视治疗普遍采用综合疗法。应加大弱视常识及危害性的宣传,提高家长、社会对弱视的认识和重视。

AIM:To explore good method for preventing and curing amblyopia by epidemiological analysis of amblyopia for preschool children in Suizhou urban area.METHODS:First,the preschool children were trained before the vision test by the nursery school teacher.Second,their vision were tested by the ophthalmologist in our hospital again and again.The naked vision less than 0.8 and strabismus were classified as further mydriasis optometry examination object.Then full-time pediatric ophthalmologists performed pupil dilation,refractive stromal and fundus examination to exclude the ocular organic disease.Retinoscopy optometry and corrected visual acuity were checked.Then the relation of amblyopia with low vision,gender,age,various types of amblyopia and the distribution ratio of different fixation properties were observed.RESULTS:Male and female had no significant difference in the preschool children with low vision and the prevalence of amblyopia,.In the 3- 6 years age group,the rate of low vision had a very significant difference.In ametropic amblyopia,the largest proportion was mild amblyopia,followed by moderate amblyopia,only 1 case of severe amblyopia.In anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia,the largest proportion was moderate amblyopia.In form deprivation and other amblyopia,severe amblyopia occupied the largest proportion.The higher the hyperopic ametropia degree,the larger the proportion of moderate amblyopia.Strabismic amblyopia was always associated with hyperopia.Concomitant strabismus and refractive errors were closely related.It was generally believed that there was a relationship between concomitant strabismus and hyperopia,and little relationship between exotropia and myopia.CONCLUSION:For preschool children in kindergarten,vision screening,early detection of amblyopia and early treatment is necessary.In children with amblyopia,it is mainly ametropic,mild to moderate and central fixation amblyopia,timely treatment is very helpful to recovery of children.Combination therapy was commonly used in treatment of amblyopia.The knowledge of amblyopia and its harmfulness publicity should be increased,parents and social awareness and attention on amblyopia should be improved.

R777.44