目的：验证中老年人膳食水果和蔬菜摄入量增加能否使发生年龄相关性白内障（ARC）的危险性下降。 方法：选取2009-09/2011-03因晶状体混浊进行人工晶状体植入治疗，年龄45~85岁的360例ARC患者为病例组，对照组由同期入住相同医院的360例非白内障的患者组成，采取1∶1匹配。采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查，内容包括人口学特征、生活方式以及既往史等，同时还采用一份有效的半定量化食物频率调查表（FFQ），获取研究对象膳食水果和蔬菜的摄入量。应用多因素Logistic回归分析估计水果和蔬菜摄入量与ARC关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。 结果：调整多种潜在性混杂因素后，水果、蔬菜以及总水果蔬菜摄入量与ARC呈显著性负相关，与摄入量为最低四分位数的对照相比较，摄入量为最高四分位数的病例发生ARC的危险性分别下降了19%（OR=0.81，95%CI：0.67~0.97）,19%（OR=0.81，95%CI：0.69~0.94）和29%（OR=0.71，95%CI：0.60~0.93）。随着水果（P=0.014）、蔬菜（P<0.001）以及总水果蔬菜（P=0.023）摄入量的升高，发生ARC的危险性逐渐下降。进一步进行分层分析后的结果表明，从不吸烟者和非糖尿病患者中水果和蔬菜的摄入量与ARC之间的负相关关系依然存在。 结论：膳食水果和蔬菜摄入量增加可使发生ARC的危险性下降，合理营养、平衡膳食可能有助于预防ARC。

AIM: To examine whether higher fruit and vegetable intake reduce the risk of age-related cataract (ARC) in middle-aged and elderly people. METHODS: Totally 360 cases aged 45-85 years old who were admitted to hospital for intraocular lens implantation for cataract suffered from lens opacity were investigated from September 2009 to March 2011, and controls (n=360) were patients who had been admitted to the same hospital for diseases not related with cataract. Cases and controls were matched with 1∶1. All subjects were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and detailed medical history. Simultaneously, fruit and vegetable intake were assessed with the use of a validated, semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ARC were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, intake of fruit, vegetable and total fruit and vegetables were inversely associated with ARC. Compared to controls in the lowest quartile, the risk of ARC for cases in the highest quartile of intake decreased for 19% (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97), 19% (OR=0.81, 95%CI:0.69-0.94) and 29% (OR=0.71, 95%CI:0.60-0.93), respectively. The risk of ARC decreased with higher intake of fruit (P=0.014), vegetable(P<0.001) and total fruit and vegetables (P=0.023). A stratified analysis according to smoking and diabetes showed a significant inverse trend between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of ARC among never smokers and non-diabetics. CONCLUSION: Increased consumption of fruit and vegetable may have a protective effect on ARC, and a healthy well-balanced diet may possibly be beneficial to ARC.

中国辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究基金资助项目（No.2008424）