目的：研究主导眼与屈光参差的关系，探讨屈光参差的成因。 方法：屈光参差患者486例972眼，按照其屈光参差的性质不同，将其分成远视性、近视性和混合性三组。运用睫状肌麻痹剂散瞳，行电脑验光测双眼屈光度，应用简化的卡洞法测定双眼中的主导眼眼别。分析各组数据中屈光度大的眼别与主导眼眼别的相关性。 结果：远视性屈光参差组99例198眼，主导眼别与屈光程度小的眼别有显著相关性（Z=-4.116,P＜0.01），即非主导眼的屈光度大于主导眼。近视性屈光参差组312例624眼，主导眼眼别与屈光程度小的眼别无相关性（Z=-0.304，P＞0.05）。混合性屈光参差组75例150眼，主导眼眼别与近视眼眼别显著相关（Z=-3.645，P＜0.01）。即主导眼屈光状态多为近视眼别。 结论：远视性和混合性屈光参差的形成与主导眼所致的双眼发育不平衡有关。

AIM:To study the association between dominant eye and anisometropia, and get a deeper understanding of the cause of anisometropia. METHODS:Four hundred eighty-six cases (972 eyes) with anisometropia were divided into hyperopic, myopic and mixed nature groups according to the different properties of anisometropia. Diopter was accessed by Computer Optometry after cycloplegic refraction. Ocular dominance was determined using the simplified hole-in-card test. The relationship was analyzed between the dominant eye and the higher diopter eye in each group. RESULTS:There was obvious relationship between the dominant eye and the lower diopter(Z=-4.116,P<0.01) in the hyperopic anisometropia group. Thus the diopter of the non-dominant eye was higher than the dominant eye. There was no relationship between the dominant eye and the lower diopter (Z=-0.304，P>0.05) in the myopic anisometropia group. There was obvious relationship between the dominant eye and the eye of myopia (Z=-3.645，P<0.01) in the mixed group. CONCLUSION:The dominant eye should form prior to the occurrence of anisometropia. But anisometropia may cause the dominant eye to change.

福建省自然科学基金项目（No.2008J0324）