性别差异是当今流行病学研究中的常见现象之一。这种现象的发生，除了与男女基因表达差异有关以外，更与性激素的调控有着密不可分的联系。在已知的各类眼科疾病中也存在着性别差异的现象。随着生物学相关研究的进展，研究人员在包括眼表及角膜在内的眼部组织中发现了越来越多的性激素受体，暗示性激素对眼表及角膜正常功能的维持有着十分重要的作用。在此，我们将对目前已知的性激素和眼表及角膜间的关系的相关报道进行综述和讨论，并对未来的相关研究进行展望。

Gender difference is a common phenomenon in epidemiology research, which is also seen in ophthalmology diseases. This is mainly caused by different gene expressions as well as sex hormone regulation in both sexes. In recent years, more and more sex hormone receptors are found in ocular tissues including ocular surface and cornea, which indicates an important role for sex hormones in maintaining the normal ocular surface function. This review contains some recent reports on the relationship between sex hormone and ocular tissues as well as our perspectives on its further study.