目的：明确滑车神经与先天性上斜肌麻痹的关系，进一步揭示上斜肌麻痹的病因，为临床诊断和治疗上斜肌麻痹提供理论依据。 方法：应用3.0T磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）的3D-CISS序列多平面重组(MPR)结合3D-TOF序列技术分别对16例先天性上斜肌麻痹患者和11例正常人的滑车神经进行显像，通过统计学方法比较两者显影率的差异，判断先天性上斜肌麻痹患者是否合并滑车神经异常。 结果：在3.0T-MRI的3D-CISS序列多平面重组(MPR)结合3D-TOF序列下，先天性上斜肌麻痹患者与正常人的滑车神经脑池段的显影率分别为27.2%和81.2%，两者之间具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。 结论：先天性上斜肌麻痹与滑车神经异常有关。

AIM:To assess the relationship of trochlear nerve and congenital superior oblique palsy and find out the etiologies of congenital superior oblique palsy，to provide theoritical basis for the clinical dignosis and treatment of congenital superior oblique palsy. METHODS:In 16 patients with congenital superior oblique palsy and 11 normal people, the trochlear nerve was depicted with three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transformation constructive interference in steady state (CISS) 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas the adjacent vessels were detected with 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MRI.The identification rates of the two groups were studied to find if there was any abnormal with the trochlear nerve of patients with congenital superior oblique palsy. RESULTS: 3D-CISS MRI depicted the proximal cisternal segment of trochlear nerve in the patient group and normal group with identification rates of 27.2% and 812%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal of trochlear nerve is one of the etiologies of congenital superior oblique palsy.