目的：了解2～15岁视力低常的儿童屈光不正的分布规律。 方法:对我院2009-04/2010-04视光学门诊2～15岁的1638例3266眼(男725例1446眼，女913例1820眼)视力低常者进行散瞳验光并统计分析。 结果：在3131眼中，男生近视性屈光不正为1056眼，远视性屈光不正317眼，以近视性屈光不正为主，其中以复性近视散光多见，占35.48％。女生近视性屈光不正为1455眼，远视性屈光不正303眼，也以近视性屈光不正为主，其中以复性近视散光多见，占40.71％。散光的分布中男女童均是以复性近视散光为主，复性远视散光次之。顺规散光、逆规散光和斜轴散光的弱视发生率存在显著性差异（P＜0.01）。 结论：随着学习压力的增大儿童长时间看书学习和电脑的使用大大增加了近视性屈光不正发生的概率。逆规散光是弱视发生的重要影响因素，矫正逆规散光可能有利于儿童弱视的治疗。

AIM:To study the refractive error distribution rule about 2-15 years children of low vision. METHODS:From April 2009 to April 2010, 2-15 years old， 1638 cases (3266 eyes) with low vision (725 male cases of 1446 eyes, 913 female cases of 1820 eyes)in our optometry outpatient service were subjected to mydriasis test and optometry and statistical analysis. RESULTS:In 3131 eyes, males myopic refractive error was in 1056 eyes, hyperopic refractive error in 317 eyes, myopic refractive error was the most, more compound myopic astigmatism,accounting for about 35.48％. The females' myopic refractive error was in 1455 eyes, hyperopic refractive error in 303 eyes, myopic refractive error was the most, more compound myopic astigmatism too,about 40.71％.In the distribution of astigmia,the first was compound myopic astigmatism,the second was compound hyperopic astigmatism. The incidences of amblyopia of astigmatism with rule, astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism had significant differences(R×C table data Chi-square test,P<0.01）. CONCLUSION:With the increase of pressure of study, childrens long time reading, learning and the use of computer significantly increase the probability of occurrence of myopic refractive error.Against the rule astigmatism is an important factor to amblyopia occurrence, correction of against the rule astigmatism may be beneficial for the treatment of amblyopia in children.