The therapy and functional recovery of optic nerve injury is a historical tough problem. Because after the optic nerves, as a part of central nervous system, were injured, the optic nerves were short of the microenvironment which nerves need to repair and regeneration. For that, it is very important that the effective nerves' protection, the prevention of neurons' death and to promote nerves' renovation. A great quantity of investigation has demonstrated that the visual function's recovery is closely related to the injury degree of retinal ganglial cells(RGCs), the axoplasm conveying materiae synthesis functional status, the self reparation capability and the self regeneration capability. In the recent decade, with the comprehending to the injury mechanism of nerves, a kind of researches in nerve preserved showed fairly advancements, which have revealed an excellent perspective in the part of healing the optic nerve injury. We read the recent pertinent literatures in the country of exterior and interior and composed a review concerning with the empirical study and the clinical therapy correlated to the RGCs' regeneration, the optical nerves' protection after the optic nerves injured.