方法：选取2012-03/12来自本地区相关工厂从事电弧焊工作的焊工68例136眼进行详细的眼部检查：包括视力检查、常规散瞳90D前置镜眼底检查、眼底彩色照相和高分辨率的光学相干断层扫描检查，黄斑光损伤的诊断以OCT的检查结果为准。对所有受试者按年龄、工龄、防护习惯分组，对分组进行均衡性检验，并比较各组间光损伤性黄斑病变的发生率。

结果：光损伤性黄斑病变总的发病率是32.35%。年龄≤35岁组和>35岁组的黄斑光损伤检出率分别是35.14%和29.03%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)； 工龄≤10a组和>10a组的黄斑光损伤的检出率分别是11.76%和33.33%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)； 严格防护组、防护随意组和墨镜防护组的黄斑光损伤的检出率分别是21.88%，36.96%，50.00%，严格防护组的黄斑光损伤的发生率低于其他两组，墨镜防护者发生率最高，3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：电焊工人中黄斑光损伤的危险因素是工龄和防护习惯。工龄越长，黄斑区光损伤的发生几率越高； 防护越严格，损害发生率越低。年龄和光损伤的发生无关。

METHODS: We examined a group of 68 male welders 136 eyes from some metal manufacturing enterprise from March 2012 to December 2012. Participants underwent thorough ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity, fundus photography, and high definition optical coherence tomography(OCT)scan. A specialist of occupational medicine examined all participants of this study prior to the OCT. The clinical history of all subjects was screened carefully before the study. All the subjects were divided into three groups according to age, length of service, protection habits. The incidences of phototoxic maculopathy were compared in 3 groups.

RESULTS: The incidences ofphototoxic maculopathy in less than or equal to 35 years old group, and more than 35 years old group were respectively 35.14%, 29.03%, and difference was not statistically significant. The incidences of phototoxic maculopathy in less than or equal to 10-years-seniority group, and more than 10-years-seniority group were respectively 11.76% and 33.33%, and the difference was statistically significant. The incidences of phototoxic maculopathy in strict protection group, protective random group and sunglasses protection group were respectively 21.88%, 36.96%, and 50.00%. The incidence in strict protection group was lower than the other two groups, the incidence was the highest in sunglasses protection group, and the difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The risk factors of phototoxic maculopathy in occupational welders are the length of service and protection habits. The longer the length of service, the macular lesions probability is high; protection more strict, macular lesions rate is low. The phototoxic maculopathy occurs regardless of age.