方法：选取上海市闸北区和田路小学2011年下学期全体在校学生为样本进行调查，总计465名，参与调查460名(调查率98.9%)，其中数据资料齐全的有445名。所有调查对象均进行以下检查：裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity，UCVA)、年龄(age)、身高(height，H)、体重(weight，W)、身体质量指数(body mass index，BMI)、球镜屈光度(diopter of spherical，S)、柱镜屈光度(diopter of cylinder，C)、等值球镜(spherical equivalent，SE)、眼轴长度(axial length，AL)及角膜曲率(corneal curvature，K)，并分析整体屈光状态及各相关因素对视力的影响。裸眼视力使用标准对数视力表测量，采用小数准确记录，再转化为LogMar视力进行统计。

结果：调查对象平均年龄9.49±1.47岁，平均SE为-0.85±1.82D，平均UCVA为+0.09±0.28，近视眼率为40.9%，散光眼率达58.9%。随着年龄的增加，近视眼率逐步增加，近视屈光度也明显加深(P=0.000)。随年龄增加，UCVA、AL增加(P<0.01)，SE值下降(P<0.01)。UCVA与Age，H，W，BMI及AL呈正相关，而与S，C及SE呈负相关(P<0.01)。

结论：上海市闸北区和田路小学的小学生中，近视及散光发病率较高，儿童视力与眼轴及生长发育密切相关。

METHODS: All the in-school students of Hetian Road primary school in Zhabei community of Shanghai were involved in the study. Four hundred and sixty pupils out of 465 pupils were investigated(The rate was 98.9%). There were 445 pupils with fully data collection. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), age, height(H), weight(W), body mass index(BMI), diopter of spherical(S), diopter of cylinder(C), spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL)and corneal curvature(K)were examined. The refractive status was described and the influence of relative factors was analyzed. UCVA measurement uses the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, recording by decimal number, then transform into LogMar vision for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: In total, the average age was 9.49±1.47 year, SE was -0.85±1.82D and UCVA was +0.09±0.28. The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism was 40.9% and 58.9%, respectively. With getting older, the prevalence of myopia increased with the average myopic SE developing significantly(P=0.000). UCVA and AL increased in the same time, SE decreased gradually(P<0.001). The results of analysis showed that UCVA was positively correlated with age, H, W, BMI and AL, and negatively correlated with S, C and SE(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism was high in Hetian Road primary school in Zhabei community of Shanghai. Visual acuity is closely related to AL and growth factors.