The refractive status of peripheral retina, also called peripheral refraction, is the abnormal refraction in the peripheral visual field which has a certain off-axis and off-fixation angle over 30°. Animal experiments and human studies suggest that the refractive status of peripheral retina has a close relationship with myopia. Peripheral relatively hyperopia diopter can influence the myopic degree. People in different ages with the refractive status of relatively hyperopic are risk factors for myopia onset, and may be one of risk factors for myopia progression. Peripheral myopic defocus might prevent axial elongation, so as to control the myopia progression, and promote the visual acuity. This article aims to summarize the recent findings about the influence of peripheral refraction on the onset, progression and control of myopia and its relationship with eye shape, accommodation, and heritability.