方法：以2011-05被调查的上海市闸北区和田路小学6～12岁的全体在校学生为样本进行为期1a的调查，总计303名606眼。所有调查对象均检查年龄(age)、身高(height，H)、体质量(weight，W)、裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity，UCVA)、球镜屈光度(diopter of spherical，DS)、柱镜屈光度(diopter of cylinder，DC)、等效球镜(spherical equivalent，SE)、眼轴长度(axial length，AL)及角膜曲率(corneal curvature，K)，并分析整体屈光状态变化趋势及各相关因素与屈光状态变化的关系。

结果：入选调查对象606眼平均SE变化-0.45±0.60D，平均AL增长0.32±0.25mm，AL增长与SE度数变化呈正相关(r=0.409，P<0.01)，其中有473眼向近视方向发展(SE的变化为负值)，占总体的78.1%。AL增长与W增长相关性分析发现，W增长在4～6kg/年，AL增长最慢(0.28±0.20mm，P=0.004)； AL增长在6～8岁组最快(0.39±0.24mm，P<0.01)。H增长与DS，DC，SE及AL增长均无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。2012年视力不良(UCVA<1.0)发生率(47.0%)比2011年(31.5%)明显增高； 10岁以上组(52%)比10岁以下组高10%。

结论：上海市闸北区和田路小学小学生中，屈光状态的进展主要以近视为主，儿童屈光状态进展与眼轴及生长发育密切相关。

METHODS:All the 6-12 years old in-school pupils in Hetian Road primary school of Shanghai Zhabei community were invited in the study. The participates were examined first-visit in May 2011 and second-visit in May 2012. All the 303 pupils(606 eyes)were investigated the age, height(H), weight(W), uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), diopter of spherical(DS), diopter of cylinder(DC), spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), and corneal curvature(K). The progression of refractive condition was described and the relevant factors were analyzed.

RESULTS:Among 606 eyes, the progression of average SE was -0.45±0.60D and the progression of average AL was 0.32±0.25mm. The progression of SE diopter was positively correlated with the progression of AL(r=0.409, P<0.01). Among all eyes, 473 eyes of them developed to myopia(the progression of SE was negative)with the prevalence of 78.1%. To analyze the relationship between the progression of AL and W, when the pupils with the weight increased among 4-6kg/a, their progression of AL was the slowest(0.28±0.20mm, P=0.004). The youngest pupils with 6-8 years old, had the fastest progression of AL(0.39±0.24mm, P<0.01). There was no significantly different between H growth and DS, DC or SE(P>0.05). The incidence of poor sight(UCVA<1.0)in 2012(47.0%)was higher than that in 2011(31.5%), while it was also higher in 10-year older group(52%)than that in 10-year younger group(10%).

CONCLUSION:Myopia is the main progression of refractive error in the pupils of Hetian Road primary school in Shanghai Zhabei community. AL and growth development is closely related to the progression of refractive errors.