方法：横断面研究。对仙桃市幼儿园及散居儿童共12 716例25 432眼6月龄～6岁的学龄前儿童用Suresight屈光筛查仪进行屈光状态筛查，屈光异常的1 581例3 162眼进行散瞳验光确诊。

结果：仙桃市学龄前儿童屈光异常检出率为12.4%，男女童间屈光异常检出率无统计学差异(P>0.05)； 各年龄组间屈光异常检出率存在差异(P<0.05)，且随年龄增加屈光异常检出率呈下降趋势。学龄前儿童屈光异常类型以单纯远视、复性远视散光为主。Suresight屈光筛查仪显示屈光异常的1 581例3 162眼由专业眼科医师进行散瞳验光确诊弱视261例522眼，占16.5%。

结论：仙桃市6月龄～6岁学龄前儿童屈光异常随年龄增加而下降，对屈光异常的儿童应尽早散瞳验光，以及时发现弱视及其他先天性眼病。

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated preschool children in kindergartens and the scattered ones were 12 716(25 432 eyes)ranging from 6mo～6 years old. 1 581 children(3 162 eyes)were diagnosed ametropia by Suresight refractive screening instrument, which were confirmed again after mydriasis optometry.

RESULTS: The incidence rate of ametropia in preschool children in Xiantao was 12.4%, and statistics showed no significant difference between boys and girls(P>0.05), but had differences of morbility rate among each age group(P<0.05). With age increasing morbility rate of the refractive error decreased. The simple hyperopia and the compound hyperopia astigmatism were dominant in all refraction error. Professional ophthalmologists diagnosed amblyopia in 261 children(522 eyes), which was 16.5%, among 1 581 abnormal refractive children(3 162 eyes)screened out by Suresight refractive screening instrument.

CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of ametropia decreases with age increasing in the preschool children from 6mo～6 years old, which imply preschool children should have mydriasis optometry in order to find out amblyopia and other congenital eye disease.