方法：回顾性分析本院收治的56例裸眼视力不能矫正到0.8的屈光不正性弱视患儿资料。以5g/L阿托品进行散瞳，电脑联合检影进行眼底组织检查，采用第三代光学相干断层扫描仪(3D-OCT)对患儿视网膜黄斑中心厚度和视神经纤维层厚度进行测量。并以56例正常儿童作为对照组，对比分析视网膜黄斑中心凹厚度同儿童屈光不正性弱视的相关性。

结果：弱视眼的视神经纤维层厚度为116.92±9.54μm，正常眼的视神经纤维层厚度为110.42±7.64μm，二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)； 弱视眼的黄斑中心凹厚度为134.95±14.95μm，正常眼的黄斑中心凹厚度为136.62±13.86μm，二者差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)； 对照组正常儿童视神经纤维层厚度与眼轴呈明显负相关(r=-0.35，P<0.05)，而弱视患儿则不存在明显相关性(r=0.12，P>0.05)。

结论：屈光不正性弱视患儿的黄斑中心凹厚度较正常眼无明显改变，而神经纤维层厚度存在明显增厚症状，并且与眼轴的相关性消失，这表明屈光不正性弱视明显影响神经纤维层的结构。

METHODS: Fifty-six cases of children amblyopia with vision could not be uncorrected to 0.8 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. 5g/L atropine was used to mydriasis, computer associates retinoscopy was used to fundus examination organization, and the third-generation optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT)was used to detect retinal foveal thickness and RNFL thickness. Fifty-six cases of normal children were selected as control group. Correlation of retinal foveal thickness and children amblyopia was analyzed.

RESULTS: The nerve fiber layer thickness of amblyopic eye was 116.92±9.54μm, that of health eye was 110.42±7.64μm, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Macular center foveal thickness of amblyopic eye was 134.95±14.95μm, that of health eye was 136.62±13.86μm, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The correlation of optic nerve fiber layer thickness of healthy children and axial showed a significant negative correlation(r=-0.35, P<0.05), while the correlation of children with amblyopia was not significantly correlated(r=0.12, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: For children with amblyopia, the difference of ametropic foveal thickness and normal eye is not significant. But RNFL thickness is significantly higher, and is correlated with axial disappears, suggesting that amblyopia can significant effect nerve fiber layer structure.