方法：收集2011-01/2013-12就诊我院诊断为2型DR患者98例196眼。根据就诊顺序按随机数字表分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予口服降糖药物和/或胰岛素治疗； 治疗组在对照组治疗方案的基础上服用银杏叶提取液。治疗前、治疗后3，6，9，12mo复查空腹血糖、糖基化血红蛋白、OCT和电生理，随访时间12mo。

结果：对照组和治疗组的血糖和糖基化血红蛋白接近，组间差异无统计学意义(血糖治疗前t=1.632，P =0.106； 治疗后3mo t=0.096，P =0.924； 6mo t=1.381，P =0.171； 9mo t=1.459，P=0.148； 12mo t=0.358，P=0.721。糖基化血红蛋白治疗前t=0.512，P =0.610； 治疗后3mo t=0.020，P=0.984； 6mo t=0.252，P=0.802； 9mo t=0.852，P=0.397； 12mo t=0.281，P=0.779)。对照组的电生理Ops波的振幅较治疗组下降，6，9，12mo组间差异具有统计学意义(6mo t=2.454，P=0.015； 9mo t=3.415，P=0.001； 12mo t=3.573，P<0.01)。对照组的电生理Ops波的潜伏期较治疗组延长，9mo和12mo组间差异具有统计学意义(9mo t=2.708，P =0.007； 12mo t=3.005，P=0.003)。对照组VEP的P₁₀₀波的振幅较治疗组下降，6，9，12mo组间差异具有统计学意义(6mo t=3.314，P=0.001； 9mo t=5.542，P<0.01； 12mo t=5.986，P<0.01)。对照组VEP的P₁₀₀波的潜伏期较治疗组延长，3，6，9，12mo组间差异具有统计学意义(3mo t=2.335，P=0.021； 6mo t=2.777，P=0.006； 9mo t=5.350，P<0.01； 12mo t=8.440，P<0.01)。对照组的视网膜厚度较治疗组增厚，3，6，9，12mo时组间差异有显著统计学意义(3mo t=5.146，P<0.01； 6mo t=10.484，P<0.01； 9mo t=10.528，P<0.01； 12mo t=18.378，P<0.01)。

结论：银杏叶提取液可减轻DR患者黄斑水肿，改善视网膜神经节细胞的功能。

METHODS: Ninety-eight patients(196 eyes)with type 2 DR were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in our hospital. According to the visiting sequence, they were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was given oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin therapy. The treatment group was given Ginkgo leaf extract and oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin therapy. The fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, OCT and electrophysiology were performed before treatment, 3, 6, 9 and 12mo after treatment. The follow-up time was 12mo.

RESULTS: The glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the control group were similar to those of the treatment group. The differences between two groups had no statistical significance(before glucose treatment: t=1.632, P=0.106; 3mo after treatment: t=0.096, P=0.924; 6mo after treatment: t=1.381, P=0.171; 9mo after treatment: t=1.459, P=0.148; 12mo after treatment: t=0.358, P=0.721. before glycosylated hemoglobin treatment: t=0.512, P=0.610; 3mo after treatment: t=0.020, P=0.984; 6mo after treatment: t=0.252, P=0.802; 9mo after treatment: t=0.852, P=0.397; 12mo after treatment: t=0.281, P=0.779). The amplitude of Ops wave in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group. The differences of 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(6mo t=2.454, P=0.015; 9mo t=3.415, P=0.001; 12mo t=3.573, P<0.01). The latency of Ops wave in the control group was longer than that in the treatment group. The differences of 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(9mo t=2.708, P=0.007; 12mo t=3.005, P=0.003). The amplitude of P₁₀₀ wave in the control group was lower than that in the treatment group. The differences of 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(6mo t=3.314, P=0.001; 9mo t=5.542, P<0.01; 12mo t=5.986, P<0.01). The latency of P₁₀₀ wave in the control group was longer than that in the treatment group. The differences of 3, 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(3mo t=2.335, P=0.021; 6mo t=2.777, P=0.006; 9mo t=5.350, P<0.01; 12mo t=8.440, P<0.01). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the control group was thicker than that in the treatment group. The differences of 3, 6, 9 and 12mo between groups were statistically significant(3mo t=5.146, P<0.01; 6mo t=10.484, P<0.01; 9mo t=10.528, P <0.01; 12mo t=18.378, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Ginkgo leaf extract can reduce macular edema, improve the retinal ganglion cell function in patients with DR.