Strabismus and amblyopia are common clinical eye diseases. Chinese and international scholars have studied them with biotechnology and computer technology from many perspectives such as their pathogen, pathogenesis and treatment, and have made great progress. The categorical study of binocular visual function in patients with strabismus and amblyopia provides comprehensive and accurate insights on the neurological mechanism and corresponding biological model, which is conducive to discovering new methods for the clinical treatment of the diseases and reconstruction of visual function. This paper introduces the definition and mechanism of perceptual learning, and discusses the possible influence factors, the duration of the treatment effect and neural mechanism of perceptual learning. The further researches were needed on the aspects of the neural mechanism of strabismus and amblyopia, the specific mechanism of the reconstruction of visual function and influence factors of perception learning. In recent years, the research on the plasticity of cerebral nerves and perceptual learning is getting more deeply. Perceptual learning has been used in clinical treatment of strabismus and amblyopia and the restoration of binocular visual function, and has achieved gratifying results. Hereby, we present a literature review on the domestic and international researches concerning the treatment of perceptual learning.