方法：采用回顾性分析方法，选择连续手术的特发性黄斑裂孔31例31眼行23G玻璃体切除手术后填充空气，观察患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、裂孔闭合、IS/OS破坏直径、手术前后视物变形程度、手术并发症，探讨此类患者玻璃体切除术后空气填充的临床意义及应用价值。

结果：孔径≤250μm的闭合率是100%，孔径250～400μm的闭合率为88.9%，孔径400～600μm的闭合率为93.3%； 最佳矫正视力在基线和术后1、3mo是0.12±0.08，0.28±0.15和0.27±0.18； 手术前IS/OS破坏直径为1962.1±510.7μm，术后3mo，IS/OS破坏直径为1245.3±396.5μm，手术前后IS/OS破坏直径差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)； 术后俯卧位时间为3.5±0.4d； 患者视物变形明显改善； 术后未发生严重并发症。

结论：该研究表明，对于特发性黄斑孔而言，空气填充能达到较好的裂孔闭合、视功能恢复、俯卧位时间较短且无严重手术并发症。黄斑裂孔玻璃体切除手术后填充空气是一值得推荐的手术方式。

METHODS:A total of 31 eyes of 31 patients with consecutive idiopathic macular hole, who undergone 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with room air-filled were retrospectively studied. Surgical outcomes were analyzed, regarding best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), hole closure rate, damage diameter of IS/OS with spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT), the degree of visual distortion before and after surgery, surgical complications to discuss clinical significance and value about the patients after air tamponade.

RESULTS: The closure rate was 100% among the patients with hole diameter ≤250μm. The closure rate was 88.9% among thoes 250～400μm, and it was 93.3% among those 400～600μm. Mean BCVA at baseline, 1 and 3mo was 0.12±0.08, 0.28±0.15 and 0.27±0.18, respectively. The damage diameter of IS/OS was 1962.1±510.7μm before surgery and 1245.3±396.5μm 3mo after surgery. The differences were statistically significant before and after surgery(P=0.016). The mean prone posturing period was 3.5±0.4d. The degree of visual distortion had significant improvement. There were no serious surgical complications after surgery.

CONCLUSION: Room air tamponade can obtain good closure rate, recovery of visual function, a short time in the prone position and no serious surgical complications for idiopathic macular hole. It is the recommended surgical approach after vitrectomy in idiopathic macular hole.