[关键词]
[摘要]
目的：通过对郴州市城区中小学生视力状况及其影响因素的调查，为开展视力保护工作提供科学依据。
方法：采用多级整群抽样的方法， 抽取11 286名学生进行视力检查和问卷调查，分别用卡方检验及logistic回归对视力低下单因素和多因素进行分析。
结果：郴州市城区中小学生视力低下率为47.50%； 小学视力低下率为34.01%； 初中视力低下率为62.10%； 视力低下的主要问题是近视(70.01%)； 小学生近视率22.57%，初中生近视率48.84%。影响视力低下的主要危险因素有：年龄、年级、父母有近视、课外作业时间长，经常连续阅读1h以上、看视频时间长、肥胖。保护因素有：课间在教室外活动及户外活动。
结论：青少年视力低下是遗传和环境因素作用的结果，应及早预防，养成良好的视觉行为习惯将有助于保护青少年视力。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
AIM:To investigate the visual status and risk factors of elementary and middle school students in urban area of Chenzhou in order to provide evidence for vision protection.
METHODS: Visual acuity was examined in 11 286 students that were selected by multistage sampling. Influencing factors were investigated by questionnaire. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations.
RESULTS: In the elementary and middle school students, the hypopsia rate was 47.50% in Chenzhou; hypopsia rate in the elementary school was 34.01%, the rate in junior school was 62.10%; the main type of hypopsia was myopia(70.01%); myopia rate in pupils was 22.57%, myopia rate in junior middle school students was 48.84%.The main risk factors for myopia were: age, grade, parents with myopia, long homework time, reading more than 1h continuously, long time watching videos and obesity. Protective factors were: recessing out of classrooms and outdoor activities.
CONCLUSION: Hypopsia in youth is the result of genetic and environmental factors. Early protections, forming good visual habits will help protect children's vision.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
郴州市第一人民医院院级科研项目(No.N2012-016)
