方法：抽取锦州市城区10所幼儿园，对3～6岁学龄前儿童进行视觉状况调查，分别进行视力检查、眼位检查、屈光状态检查、眼科常规检查以及立体视检查等。对于视力低于0.8的儿童进行散瞳验光。

结果：(1)视力低常率：3岁为6.37%，4岁为7.79%，5岁为15.24%，6岁为8.93%，5岁儿童低常率明显高于其他年龄组，差异有显著性(P<0.05)；(2)视力低常眼病分布：视力低常患者中，屈光不正占95.61%。屈光不正分布：远视71.67%，其中3岁为75.00%，4岁为78.26%，5岁为75.44%，6岁为54.17%； 近视17.50%，其中3岁为6.25%，4岁为13.04%，5岁为17.54%，6岁为29.17%； 混合散光10.83%，其中3岁为18.75%，4岁为8.70%，5岁为7.02%，6岁为16.67%；(3)弱视情况：弱视患病率4.27%。对弱视相关因素调查显示，屈光参差性占36.00%，轻度66.67%，中度27.78%，重度5.56%； 斜视性占16.00%，轻度25.00%，中度62.50%，重度12.50%； 形觉剥夺性占2.00%，轻度0%，中度0%，重度100.00%。

结论：学龄前儿童年龄较大者比年龄较小者视力较好，说明年龄的增长儿童视功能发育逐渐成熟。屈光不正中各组比例提示，远视是3～6岁学龄前儿童视力低下的主要原因。近视、斜视、弱视等因素所占比例提示普查手段十分重要，应早发现早治疗。

METHODS:Ten kindergartens in the urban area of Jinzhou were randomly selected. For the preschool children aged from 3 to 6, the vision conditions including sight test, ocular inspection, refraction status, conventional ophthalmic testing and stereo tests were conducted. The children with vision<0.8 received the mydriatic optometry test.

RESULTS:(1)rates of abnormal vision were 6.37% in children aged 3,7.79% in those aged 4,15.24% in those aged 5 and 8.93% in those aged 6; abnormal rate in children aged 5 was significantly higher than those in the other age groups(P<0.05);(2)eye diseases:for children with low vision, proportion of patients with ametropia was 95.61%, the rate of hyperopia was 71.67%, in which hyperopia accounted for 75.00% in those aged 3, 78.26% in those aged 4, 75.44% in those aged 5 and 54.17% in those aged 6; the rate of myopia was 17.50%, in which myopia accounted for 6.25% in those aged 3,13.04% in those aged 4,17.54% in those aged 5 and 29.17% in those aged 6; the rate of mixed astigmatism was 10.83%, in which mixed astigmatism accounted for 18.75% in those aged 3,8.70% in those aged 4,7.02% in those aged 5 and 16.67% in those aged 6;(3)amblyopia:prevalence of amblyopia was 4. 27%. According to survey results, anisometropia accounted for 36.00%, in which the rate of mild, moderate and severe cases were 66.67%, 27.78% and 5.56% respectively; strabismus accounted for 16.00%, in which the rate of mild, moderate and severe cases were 25.00%,62.50% and 12.50%; form-deprivation accounted for 2.00%, in which the rate of mild, moderate and severe cases were 0%,0% and 100.00%.

CONCLUSION:For preschool children with low vision, the abnormal rate is reduced with the increasing ages since the vision is gradually mature. Based on the results, hyperopia is the main causes for low vision in preschool children(aged from 3 to 6). Based on the factors of myopia, strabismus and amblyopia, it is important to conduct the general survey in curing eye diseases as early as possible.