方法：将60只6～8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠分为正常对照组和碘酸钠组。碘酸钠组经鼠尾静脉注射碘酸钠(35mg/kg)，分别于注射后6h，1、3、5、8d进行眼底照相、OCT和电生理检测； 正常对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。所有小鼠摘除眼球制作石蜡切片进行HE染色。

结果：正常对照组小鼠视网膜呈淡红色，视盘呈黄色，视网膜血管呈放射状走行。鼠尾静脉注射碘酸钠后6h即可见到眼底黄白色类似玻璃膜疣样改变，但此时OCT和ERG尚无明显变化。注射后1d，眼底改变加重，类玻璃膜疣的改变逐渐增加，OCT可见RPE层色素紊乱，光感受器和外核层受损。注射后3d，视网膜损伤进一步加重，视网膜出现水肿，注射后5d水肿消失，视神经变白，眼底病灶进一步增多。注射后8d，RPE层、感光细胞层及外核层结构破坏明显，几乎没有正常结构。在此过程中，ERG表现为a波、b波振幅下降，并呈时间依赖性加重。HE染色结果显示，对照组小鼠视网膜各层细胞排列规则整齐，密度均匀。碘酸钠组小鼠外层视网膜呈波浪状改变，RPE层正常结构消失，可见黑色圆形沉积物，随时间延长，黑色沉积物逐渐增多，至注射后第8d时几乎没有正常RPE结构。

结论：碘酸钠经鼠尾静脉注射后，可以很好地模拟年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病过程，视网膜出现明显的形态和功能变化，为年龄相关性黄斑变性的研究提供一个较好的动物模型。

METHODS: Sodium iodate at 35mg/kg(body weight)was administered by tail vein injection into adult 6-8wk C57BL/6J mice. Morphological and functional changes of the retina were assessed at 6h, 1, 3, 5 and 8d after injections by fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography(OCT), ERG and histology. Mice in control group were give tail vein injection of equivalent dose of normal saline. All the eyeballs were removed for paraffin section and H-E staining.

RESULTS: The fundus photographs images at 6h after injection showed obvious changes, which were light red in retina and showed retinal blood vessels radial arranged. At 6h after injection, off-white drusen-like change was found at fundus. While there were no observable changes in OCT image and ERG. At 1d after injection, the fundus lesion aggravated and the drusen increased gradually. There were retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)disorders, photoreceptors and outer nuclear layer(ONL)damage through OCT. At 3d after injection, the retina lesion aggravated further and the retina became edema. At 5d after injection, the retina edema cleared away, the optic nerve became white and the fundus lesions increased. At 8d after injection, the RPE layer, photoreceptors and ONL were destroyed obviously. In the process, ERG showed the amplitudes of a- and b-wave decreased in a time-dependent manner. H-E staining showed that cells in retina of mice in control group were neatly arranged and well-distributed. The outer layer retina of sodium iodate injection group was wave-like, the normal structure of RPE disappeared and black round sediment could be seen which increased with time. At 8d after injection, there were any normal RPE.

CONCLUSION: The tail vein injection of sodium iodate can well simulate the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration which can provide a good animal model for AMD.