方法：选择单眼远视性弱视儿童56例及正常儿童右眼75例作为研究对象，用OCT检测黄斑区视网膜厚度及视网膜容积，并对结果进行统计学分析。

结果：弱视眼组黄斑中心区视网膜厚度最薄，内环视网膜厚度最厚，而外环视网膜厚度较内环略薄。内环的各个象限中，鼻侧视网膜最厚，为335.58±17.42μm； 上方较鼻侧略薄，为326.42±15.36μm，再次为下方视网膜，颞侧视网膜最薄。外环各象限视网膜厚度变化与内环一致。非弱视眼组及正常对照眼组视网膜各区域变化与弱视眼组相同。弱视眼组黄斑中心区1mm及内环的鼻侧和上方视网膜均比非弱视眼组、正常对照眼组对应象限的视网膜厚，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，弱视眼组外环的鼻侧和上方视网膜比非弱视眼组、正常对照眼组对应象限的视网膜厚，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，其它象限视网膜厚度均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。弱视眼组、非弱视眼组及正常对照眼组黄斑区视网膜容积最小，内环的鼻侧视网膜容积最大，其次为上方视网膜容积，再次为下方视网膜容积，颞侧视网膜容积最小。外环各象限视网膜容积变化与内环一致。弱视眼组黄斑中心区1mm及内环的鼻侧和上方视网膜容积均比非弱视眼组及正常对照眼组对应各象限视网膜容积大，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其它各象限视网膜容积相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。

结论：OCT检测可以准确测量黄斑区视网膜结构，弱视眼的黄斑区结构与非弱视眼及正常眼存在差异，可能与弱视的外周发病机制有关。

METHODS: Fifty-six children with monocular hyperopic amblyopia and 75 normal children were selected. The macular retinal thickness and the macular retinal volume were measured by OCT. Data was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The thinnest part of retina was at the center retina, and the thickest part was the inner ring, while the outer ring was thinner than the inner ring in the amblyopia eyes group. Among the four quadrants of the inner ring, the thickest quadrant was the nasal quadrant(335.58±17.42μm),and the thinner part was superior quadrant(326.42±15.36μm), the next was the inferior quadrant,the thinnest part was the temporal quadrant. The trend of outer ring was the same as the inner ring. The quadrant differences of non-amblyopia eyes and normal eyes were same with amblyopia eyes. The center 1mm of macula, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring were thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P<0.05). The nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of outer ring were also thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, but there was no statistical difference between them(P>0. 05). The other quadrant retinal thickness was not different in amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P>0.05). In amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, the smallest retinal volume was macular retinal volume, the biggest volume was nasal retinal volume of inner ring, then was superior retinal volume and inferior retinal volume,the smallest was temporal retinal volume. The change of retinal volume in outer ring was same as inner ring. The difference of central 1mm macular retinal volume, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring in amblyopia eyes group was statistically significant compared with non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P<0. 05).The other quadrant retinal volume in mblyopia eyes group, non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group were not statistical different between them(P>0. 05).

CONCLUSION: OCT can accurately measure macular retinal structure, the difference of macular retinal structure between amblyopia eyes, non-amblyopia eye and normal eyes may be associated with the peripheral mechanism of amblyopia.