Since the introduction of 25-gauge/23-gauge(25G/23G)sutureless micro-incision vitrectomy surgery(MIVS)at the beginning of the 21 century, we have stepped into an era of micro-incision vitreoretinal surgery more than10a. The current 25/23G MIVS provide numerous advantages over the conventional 20G vitrectomy surgery including simplified surgical procedure, shortened operating time, decreased complications as well as smaller sclerotomy wound. As a result, vitreoretinal surgeons have been shifting gradually from 20-gauge to 25/23-gauge vitrectomy in the past decade. As the 25/23G MIVS adapted worldwide, however, its drawbacks were also increasingly reported. Most criticism regarding to current 25/23G MIVS are focusing on would sealing related complications. Based on stablished notion regarding vitrectomy -“the smaller the better”, researchers and doctors were keeping on exploring the next generation of vitrectomy system. Thanks to the innovation and development in new generation vitrectomy machines, high lumen output light source, more delicate manufacturing technology and clear wild angle fundus view system, Dr. Oshima from Japan launched the first 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery system. It provided us novel surgical experience with smaller sclerotomy wound and faster cut rate. Further development and refinement of vitrectomy with 27-gauge or more are still on its way and will continue in the future. Undoubtedly, MIVS would be heated debated regarding its pro/con, complications, indications and future development. Combined with our own experiences, here we briefly reviewed the 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery.