方法：使用宽视野数字化眼底照相机(Retcam Ⅱ)，对2010-05/2014-12到昆明市儿童医院眼科就诊的早产儿及部分足月小样儿(出生体质量均≤2 000g)共1 010例进行视网膜检查，收集ROP的发病数据及患儿母亲孕期相关资料，对所获得的各项数据进行统计学处理和分析。

结果：早产儿1 010例中发现ROP患儿139例278眼，患病率为13.76%，其中1期病变80例(57.55%)，2期病变42例(30.22%)，3期病变9例(6.47%)，4期病变4例(2.88%)，5期病变4例(2.88%)。阈值病变9例(6.47%)。ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在出生体质量、胎龄、宫内窘迫、多胎妊娠方面的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：在昆明市高海拔低氧分压地区，ROP患病率为13.76%，低出生体重、小胎龄、宫内窘迫、多胎妊娠是ROP发生的主要孕期因素。

METHODS: One thousand and one hundred cases of prematurity and infants(May 2010 to Dec. 2014)with birth weight less than 2 000g were examined by Retcam II and recorded the stage and risk factors.

RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-nine ROP patients were founded among the 1 010 cases(13.76%), including 80 cases(57.55%)in Stage 1, 42 cases(30.22%)in Stage 2, 9 cases(6.47%)in Stage 3, 4 cases(2.88%)in Stage 4, 4 cases(2.88%)in Stage 5. Nine cases(6.47%)were threshold ROP. There was significant difference in birth weight(BW), gestational age(GA), multiple pregnancy and ischemia between ROP and Non-ROP groups. GA and BW, multiple pregnancy and ischemia were significant risk factors associated with ROP.

CONCLUSION:In Kunming Children's Hospital, the incidence of ROP is 13.67%. Low birth-weight and low gestational ages, multiple pregnancy and ischemia are main maternal risk factors for ROP.