方法：对我院就诊的高度近视患者612例1111眼的就诊资料进行回顾性研究，根据WHO制定的盲和低视力标准，分析高度近视盲和低视力情况。采用Logistic回归分析高度近视盲和低视力的相关因素。

结果：共收集高度近视患者612例1111眼，其中达到盲标准的共86眼(7.7%)，达到低视力标准的共172眼(15.5%)； 年龄、眼轴长度、后巩膜葡萄肿均是高度近视盲和低视力的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，性别、家族遗传史与患者盲和低视力无显著相关性(P>0.05)； 6～20岁组(232眼)、21～40岁组(407眼)视力损伤眼分别有21眼(9.1%)和51眼(12.5%)，其中弱视是两组患者视力损伤的主要原因，分别有17眼(81.0%)和30眼(58.8%)； 41～60岁组(323眼)、>60岁组(149眼)视力损伤眼分别有105眼(32.5%)和81眼(54.4%)； 其中眼底病变是两组患者视力损伤的主要原因，分别有86眼(81.9%)和75眼(92.6%)。

结论：高度近视对视力的损伤严重，年龄、眼轴长度及后巩膜葡萄肿是独立危险因素。弱视是青少年患者视力损伤的主要原因，眼底病变是中年以上患者视力损伤的主要原因。

METHODS: A total of 612 high myopic patients(1111 eyes)treated in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2013, whose spherical equivalents ≤-6.0D and axial lengths ≥25.5 mm, were enrolled in the study. World Health Organization(WHO)standard was used for low vision and blindness, the clinical data of all enrolled patients were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, the relative factors including age, sex, axial length, posterior staphyloma and family history were analyzed by multiple logistic regression to find out the possible risk factors associated with low vision and blindness.

RESULTS: WHO standard was used, 86 eyes(7.7%)were blindness, and 172 eyes(15.5%)were low vision respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low vision and blindness in high myopic patients was independently associated with age, axial length and posterior staphyloma(P<0.05). It was not associated with gender and family history of high myopia(P>0.05). Twenty-one eyes(9.1%)and 51 eyes(12.5%)had visual impairment in age 6-20 and age 21-40, respectively. Amblyopia was the most frequent cause of visual impairment in the two groups, 17 eyes(81.0%)in age 6-20 and 30 eyes(58.8%)in age 21-40, respectively. One hundred and five eyes(32.5%)and 81 eyes(54.4%)had visual impairment in age 41-60 and >60 respectively. Fundus lesions were the most frequent cause of visual impairment in the two groups, 86 eyes(81.9%)in age 41-60 and 75 eyes(92.6%)in age >60 respectively.

CONCLUSION: High myopia injure the vision of patients seriously. Age, axial length and posterior staphyloma are independent risk factors associated with low vision and blindness in high myopic patients. Amblyopia is the most frequent cause of visual impairment for adolescents, and fundus lesions is the most frequent cause for middle-aged and elderly men.