Idiopathic macular hole(IMH)is unequivocal inducement lead to limiting full-thickness defect of retinal neurepithelium layerin macular region. It's one of the most important fundus macular degeneration. According to the different causes and the anatomical site, the lesion has a different classification, and its etiology and pathogenesis are diverse and complex. But along with the continuous renewal of ophthalmologic examination instrument and the continuous improvement of surgical technique, treatment of IMH is diversified and treatment effect is more obvious. Not only that, IHM preventive treatment also gradually get used in clinical. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of IMH in terms of the pathogenesis, relative examination, surgical treatment, preoperative prognostic evaluation and so on.