目的：观察光学相干断层成像技术(optical coherence tomography，OCT)在外伤性黄斑裂孔中的应用。

方法：选择2015-01/2017-01来我院就诊的外伤性黄斑裂孔患者23例25眼，其中9眼未行手术治疗，16眼行手术治疗。采用OCT检查仪分析手术前后其图像特征。

结果：外伤性黄斑裂孔患者OCT表现为神经上皮层部分或全层消失。均未见玻璃体后脱离，黄斑裂孔均未见牵引作用。其中黄斑部分缺损者4眼，黄斑全层裂孔者21眼。OCT检查发现全层黄斑裂孔表现：单纯性黄斑裂孔4眼，黄斑区全层裂开伴周围神经上皮水肿10眼，黄斑区全层裂孔伴神经上皮层局限性脱离7眼。 25眼外伤性黄斑裂孔患者中，9眼未行手术治疗，其中7眼自行愈合； 16眼行手术治疗，术后复查OCT显示裂孔愈合，其中12眼黄斑结构大致正常，视力平均提高了3行，4眼视网膜神经上皮层变薄，视力较术前没有明显改善。

结论：OCT检查在外伤性黄斑裂孔的诊断和治疗中非常必要。

METHODS: Twenty-five eyes of 23 patients with traumatic macular hole from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study, including 9 eyes treated without surgeries, 16 eyes with surgeries. The image features were analyzed using OCT from ZEISS.

RESULTS: The OCT characteristics in patients with traumatic macular hole were partial or full-thickness disappearance of the neuro-epithelium. Posterior vitreous detachment was not seen in the traumatic macular hole. OCT examination revealed that 4 eyes had partial detachment of macular hole and 21 eyes had full thickness detachment. Of the twenty-one eyes, 4 eyes had simple macular hole, 10 eyes had macular full-layer division with peripheral nerve epithelium edema, 7 eyes had the macular full-layer hole with the neuro-epithelium localized detachment. In the 25 eyes, 9 eyes did not undergo the surgery, of which 7 eyes were self-healing; 16 eyes were surgically treated. Postoperative OCT showed the macular structure were normal in 12 eyes with the visual acuity improved 3 lines; retinal nerve epithelium were thinning in 4 eyes, visual acuities were not significant improved after surgery.

CONCLUSION: OCT examination is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic macular hole.