Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)has gradually worsening and lingering, which is the leading cause of global young people blindness. With the progression of the disease, patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)will have different degrees of DR. If you can not prevent and give acute early intervention, once the visual acuity decreased significantly, DR would be difficult to reverse. DR progressively has worsening, the treatment status has no optimistic. Therefore, DR in the early prevention and treatment will be indispensable. This article summarizes some of the early warning of the occurrence and development of biological markers and characteristic indicators in order to provide a basis for the early prevention of DR.