[关键词]
[摘要]
弱视是引起儿童单眼视力低下最常见的原因，世界人口患病率为1%～5%，我国儿童弱视患病率约为2%～4%，且有逐年上升的趋势。弱视主要发生在儿童视觉发育的敏感期内，因为该时期视觉发育具有可塑性，而这种可塑性易受到多种因素的影响而导致视觉系统不同的发育轨迹。随着年龄的增长，视觉可塑性即消失，此时弱视的治疗效果甚微，故当视觉系统仍保持可塑性时是弱视治疗的黄金时期。近些年有大量针对视觉可塑性的研究，希望充分利用这一特性来逆转弱视的发生发展。目前已知视觉可塑性受到神经因子、生活环境等多方面的影响。本文将从兴奋性神经因子、脑源性生长因子、抑制性神经因子、环境影响方面入手，对目前针对视觉可塑性的研究进展做一综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Amblyopia is the most common cause of poor monocular vision in children. The prevalence of world population is 1%-5% and in China is about 2%-4% with yearly growth trend. Amblyopia mainly occurs in the sensitive period of children's visual development, because the visual development during this period has plasticity that susceptible to a variety of factors, which can lead to different developmental trajectories of visual system. As the age increases, visual plasticity disappears, so the therapeutic effect of amblyopia is insignificant at this moment. Therefore, it's a golden period for amblyopia treatment when the visual system remains plasticity. In recent years, there has been a large number of studies on visual plasticity with the expectation of making full use of this feature to reverse the development of amblyopia.It is known that visual plasticity is affected by many factors such as nerve factors and living environment.This article will start with excitatory neurological factors, brain-derived growth factors, inhibitory neurological factors and environmental influences to summarize current research progress in visual plasticity.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
四川省科技计划项目(No.2015JY0263); 四川省教育厅基金资助(No.13ZA0215)
