目的：了解深圳市宝安区学龄前儿童弱视发病率及探讨其相关危险因素，为区域弱视预防工作提供可能依据。

方法：选取2017-06/2018-02在深圳市宝安中医院眼科门诊进行视力筛查的学龄前儿童818例为研究对象，依据弱视诊断标准统计弱视发病患儿，并将其视为观察组，其余作为对照组，且对两组进行单因素和多元Logistic回归分析。

结果：深圳市宝安区学龄前儿童弱视发病率5.7%(47/818)。其中，屈光不正性弱视最常见(63.8%)，其次为屈光参差性弱视(21.3%)，再者是斜视性弱视(12.8%)，最后系形觉剥夺性弱视(2.1%)。两组在妊娠年龄、孕产次、孕周、近(弱)视家族遗传史相关因素中，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。妊娠年龄大、孕产次多、孕周短、有近(弱)视家族遗传史均是导致儿童弱视发病的高危因素(P<0.05)。

结论：深圳市宝安区学龄前儿童弱视发病率较高，应予以重视，同时影响因素颇多，而全面开展学龄前视力筛查是实现早发现、早诊断及早治疗的有效方法。

METHODS: Totally 818 preschoolers with visual acuity screening were selected and studied from June 2017 to February 2018 in our Hospital. The incidence of amblyopia in children was recorded with the amblyopia diagnostic criteria and they were treated as observation groups. The others were treated as controls. The single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed for the two groups.

RESULTS:The incidence of amblyopia in preschool children in Bao'an District of Shenzhen was 5.7%(47/818). Among them, ametropic amblyopia was the most common(63.8%), the second was anisometropic amblyopia(21.3%), the third was strabismic amblyopia(12.8%)and in the end was form deprivation amblyopia(2.1%). By single factor analysis: there were statistically significant differences between two groups for the correlation factors of gestational age, gravidity and parity history, gestational weeks and nearsightedness(amblyopia)family history(P<0.05). By multivariate Logistic regression analysis: the older gestational age, more gravidity and parity, shorter gestational weeks and positive nearsightedness(amblyopia)family history were the highest risk factor for children with amblyopia(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The incidence of amblyopia in preschool children in Bao'an District of Shenzhen is high and it should be taken seriously. In the meantime, there are many influencing factors. But comprehensive preschool vision screening is an effective method for early discovery, early diagnosis and early treatment.