[关键词]
[摘要]
糖尿病视网膜病变是慢性高血糖造成的慢性缺血性视网膜病变，是糖尿病微血管并发症之一，可严重影响患者视力甚至致盲。DR致盲的主要原因包括黄斑水肿、玻璃体积血以及新生血管性青光眼等，视网膜激光光凝是目前临床上治疗DR的最主要方法之一。其原理是利用激光的热效应，使蛋白质变性，组织凝固、破坏并结痂。使耗氧低的瘢痕组织代替耗氧高的视锥、视杆细胞，减少组织耗氧，改善中周部视网膜缺血缺氧状态。但激光治疗的过程中可能会出现黄斑水肿、玻璃体积血、视野缺损等并发症，为了更全面地评估激光治疗的益处和风险，本文就近几年来有关DR激光治疗的并发症及其防治方法的文献进行综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a common microvascular complication of diabetes caused by chronic hyperglycemia and ischemia, which can seriously impair the patient's vision or even cause blindness. The main causes of visual impairment include macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma. Retinal laser photocoagulation is one of the most important therapies for DR. The thermal effects of laser photocoagulation can denature proteins, coagulate and destruct tissue, and finally scars occur. The scar tissue which consumes very low oxygen replaces the cones and rod and reduces tissue oxygen consumption significantly, and relieves the retinal ischemia and hypoxia especially for the middle and peripheral part of retina. However, complications such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, and visual field defects may occur easily following laser treatment. This article reviews recent literatures about the complications and preventions of laser photocoagulation in DR treatment.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
北京中医药大学青年教师项目(No.2017-JYB-JS-100)
