目的：探讨低出生体质量儿3～6岁时的屈光状态及其相关因素。

方法：于2018-03/06期间采用分层整群抽样法随机抽取8所幼儿园低出生体质量儿144例作为研究组； 按照1：1配对原则随机选取相同幼儿园正常出生体质量儿144例作为对照组。比较两组研究对象的屈光状态和眼球生物计量指标，并分析低出生体质量儿等效球镜度数的相关因素。

结果：各年龄段儿童中，研究组球镜度数和等效球镜度数均低于对照组，角膜曲率高于对照组，且仅5～6岁儿童中两组之间眼轴长度和柱镜度数有明显差异(均P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析发现，低出生体质量儿等效球镜度数=-10.491-0.442×年龄+0.765×胎龄+5.860×出生体质量-1.529×眼轴+0.547×角膜曲率(R²=0.823，P<0.001)。

结论：低出生体质量儿3～6岁时近视性屈光不正和散光的趋势高于正常出生体质量儿，其屈光不正与年龄、胎龄、出生体质量、眼轴、角膜曲率关系密切，需提早监测和干预。

METHODS: During the study period from March to June 2018, 144 cases of low birth weight infants in 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as study group. The normal birth weight of the same kindergarten was randomly selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle as control group. The refractive status and eye biometrics of the two groups were compared. The factors related to the equivalent spherical power of low birth weight were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the children of all ages, the spherical degree and the equivalent spherical degree of the study group were lower than the control group. The corneal curvature was higher than that of the control group. There were significant differences of the axial length and the cylindrical degree between the two groups for 5-6 years old children(P<0.05). After multiple regression, the equivalent spheroscopy degree =-10.491-0.442×age+0.765×gestational age+5.860×birth weight-1.529×axial length +0.547×corneal curvature(R²=0.823, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The trend of myopic refractive error and astigmatism in children with low birth weight of 3-6 years old is higher than that of normal birth weight. The refractive error is closely related to age, gestational age, birth weight, axial length and corneal curvature, which requires early monitoring and intervention.