目的：探讨基因修饰诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化治疗视神经损伤的效果。

方法：将带有大鼠睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)编码序列的慢病毒转染进入从大鼠股骨中分离出的骨髓间充质干细胞。将采用钳夹视神经方法构建的视神经损伤模型大鼠随机分为对照组和研究组，分别于造模成功后第4、7、10、13d，研究组术眼玻璃体腔内注入经转染的骨髓间充质干细胞悬浮液，对照组术眼玻璃体腔注入等量生理盐水。造模成功后第14d，观察两组大鼠的光反射情况，视网膜神经节细胞数量及胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平。

结果：研究组大鼠光反射恢复率明显高于对照组(83% vs 25%，P<0.05)，视网膜细胞结构相对整齐，可见少量空泡，而对照组大鼠视网膜细胞结构欠整齐，可见明显空泡，视网膜神经节细胞数明显减少，且对照组大鼠视网膜GFAP和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平均高于研究组。

结论：基因修饰诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化能够有效治疗大鼠视神经损伤。

METHODS: Lentivirus carrying the rat ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)coding sequence was transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat femur. Rats with optic nerve injury constructed by clamp optic nerve method were randomly divided into control group and study group. On the 4, 7, 10 and 13d after successful modeling, the transfused bone marrow were injected into the vitreous cavity of the study group. The control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. On the 14^th day after successful modeling, the light reflexes of the two groups of rats, the number of retinal ganglion cells and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and Caspase-3 protein were observed.

RESULTS: The recovery rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(83% vs 25%, P<0.05). The results showed that the retinal cells in the study group were relatively neat. A small amount of vacuoles were observed; the retinal cells in the control group were not well-structured, and obvious vacuoles were observed, and the number of cells was decreased. The results of Western blot showed that the expression level of GFAP and the expression level of Caspase-3 were higher than that of the rats in the study group.

CONCLUSION: Genetic modification induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can effectively treat optic nerve injury in rats.