[关键词]
[摘要]
随着基因工程技术的不断成熟,现有多种针对脉络膜新生血管(CNV)发展的关键因素和过程的基因工程小鼠模型,以适应针对CNV过程不同研究要点的需求。例如针对CNV过程中关键因素血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的VEGF164 RPE65转基因、Tet/VMD2/VEGF等; ApoE过表达小鼠是年龄相关性黄斑病变中自发性CNV形成机制的重要模型; 与视网膜色素上皮(RPE)变化相关的Ccl2/Cx3cr1缺陷小鼠; 脉络膜新生血管与视网膜新生血管吻合过程可见于SOD1-/ -老化、Vldlr -/-定向突变等; 继发于脉络膜新生血管的视网膜新生血管可见于Cp-/-Heph-/Y敲除小鼠等。这些基因工程小鼠的主要优点为诱导快,发生时间短; 与CNV病理生理学关联强,可比较CNV各种生物学成分,便于对其发生机制的研究; 与人类CNV关联密切,为人类CNV治疗评估提供研究手段等。但其也有不足,如诱导率低、发生CNV眼的百分率低、面积小; 常发视网膜增生性瘤性病变,对CNV研究造成了一定干扰。研究者可根据自己的需求选择适合的模型并适当修改相应实验参数。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
With the maturity of genetic engineering technology, a variety of genetic engineering mouse models for the development of key factors and processes of choroidal neovascularization(CNV)have been adapted to meet the needs of different research points in the CNV process. For example, VEGF164 RPE65 transgene, Tet/VMD2/VEGF, etc. which are key factors in the process of CNV. ApoE overexpression rats are an important model of spontaneous CNV formation in AMD-like lesions; Ccl2/Cx3cr1-deficient mice associated with changes in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE); choroidal neovascularization and retinal neovascularization can be seen in SOD1-/-aging, Vldlr-/-directed mutation, etc; retinal neovascularization secondary to choroidal neovascularization can be found in Cp-/-Heph-/Y knockout mice, etc. The main advantages of the CNV genetic engineering mouse model are rapid induction and short time of occurrence; strong correlation with CNV pathophysiology, which can compare various biological components of CNV and facilitate the study of its mechanism; closely relating to human CNV, and providing research methods for human CNV treatment evaluation. However, there are also limitations, such as low induction rate, low percentage and small area of CNV; frenquent occurrence of retinal angiomatous hyperplasia,which interferences CNV research. Researchers might select the appropriate model according to his own needs and modify the corresponding experimental parameters as needed.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金(No.81660158)