目的：分析学龄前远视性屈光不正性儿童(3～6岁)眼球生物学参数及其与屈光度的关系。

方法：收集2016-01/2018-12我院眼科门诊就诊的学龄前远视性屈光不正儿童203例405眼，睫状肌麻痹状态下行检影验光，根据双眼等效球镜度将患儿分为轻度远视组、中度远视组、高度远视组。眼科A型超声仪测量眼球相关参数，收集前房深度(ACD)、晶状体厚度(LT)、玻璃体腔深度(VITR)和眼轴长度(AL)，自动验光仪检查水平和垂直角膜屈光力(K1、K2)。并分析各组眼球生物学参数与屈光度的关系。

结果：学龄前远视性屈光不正性儿童平均ACD为3.08±0.38mm，LT为3.91±0.34mm，VITR为14.53±1.85mm，AL为21.45±1.01mm，K值为43.34±1.70D。AL、ACD、LT和VITR在三组间均有差异(P<0.05)； 而K值在各组间无差异(P>0.05)。远视屈光度与AL和VITR呈负相关(P<0.01)，与ACD、LT、K值无相关性(P>0.05)。

结论：AL的变化是影响远视性屈光不正性学龄前儿童屈光状态的最主要因素，表现为远视屈光程度越高，AL越短，玻璃体腔越浅，协同参与屈光状态的变化，而远视程度与ACD、LT和K值无相关性。学龄前儿童远视屈光不正以轴性屈光不正为主。

METHODS: Two hundred and three cases(405 eyes)of hyperopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.According to different mean spherical equivalent(SE)diopter, the children were divided into mild hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia groups though the retinoscopy after cycloplegia. Anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous depth(VITR)and axial length(AL)were measured by A-scan. The value of K1, K2 were got by computer refractor. And analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive.

RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth for hyperopia preschool children was 3.08±0.38mm, the lens thickness was 3.91±0.34mm, the vitreous depth was 14.53±1.85mm, the axial length was 21.45±1.01mm and the average cornea K was 43.34±1.70D; There were statistically significant differences in AL and VITR among the three hyperopia groups(P<0.05). There were statistically significant difference in LT between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia(P<0.05). There were statistically significant difference in ACD between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia(P<0.05). No difference in K was found across the three groups(P>0.05); SE was negatively correlated with AL and ACD(P<0.01), but had no correlation with ACD, LT and K(P >0.05).

CONCLUSION: The change of AL plays an important role affecting the refractive state of preschoolers with hyperopia ametropia, which is manifested as higher the hyperopia diopter, the shorter AL and the shallower vitreous cavity, which are co-involved in the change of refractive state, while the hyperopic degree had no correlation with ACD, LT and K. The axial refractive error is the main refractive error in preschoolers.