目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞玻璃体腔移植对大鼠青光眼模型的神经保护作用。

方法：提取大鼠原代骨髓间充质干细胞并进行鉴定； Lewis大鼠分别随机分为3组：对照组、青光眼模型组和骨髓间充质干细胞组，并制作青光眼大鼠模型：左眼为实验眼(青光眼)，右眼为对照眼，并进行鉴定； 然后进行骨髓间充质干细胞玻璃体腔移植； HE染色观察视网膜组织形态； 免疫荧光法检测视网膜神经节细胞数量； TUNEL染色观察视网膜神经节细胞凋亡情况； Western blot检测视网膜组织中IGF1和BDNF蛋白表达情况。

结果：大鼠实验眼的眼内压均明显高于对照眼(P<0.01)，表明青光眼大鼠模型均建造成功； 青光眼模型组大鼠视网膜神经纤维排列不整齐，视网膜神经节细胞数量和视网膜厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.01)，视网膜神经节细胞凋亡数量显著高于对照组(P<0.001)； 骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠视网膜神经纤维细胞排列较整齐，视网膜神经节细胞数量和视网膜厚度明显高于青光眼模型组(P<0.05)，视网膜神经节细胞凋亡数量明显低于青光眼模型组(P<0.05)； 青光眼模型组大鼠视网膜中IGF1和BDNF蛋白表达量明显低于对照组(P<0.01)，骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠的视网膜中IGF1和BDNF蛋白表达量高于青光眼模型组(P<0.05)。

结论：骨髓间充质干细胞玻璃体腔移植能改善大鼠青光眼，可以保护视网膜神经节细胞。

METHODS: Rat primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and identified; Lewis rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control group, Glaucoma group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group(BMMSCs group), and rat glaucoma model were made: the left eye was the experimental eye(glaucoma), the right eye is the control eye, and identified them. Then vitreous cavity transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were performed; HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the retina; The number of retinal ganglion cells was detected by immunofluorescence; TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells; The expression of IGF1 and BDNF protein in retinal tissue was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS: The intraocular pressure of the experimental eyes of the rats was significantly higher than that of the control eyes(P<0.01), indicating that the glaucoma rat models were successfully constructed; In the Glaucoma group, the retinal nerve fibers were irregularly arranged, the number of retinal ganglion cells and retinal thickness were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01), and the number of apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.001); The retinal nerve fiber cells in the BMMSCs group were arranged neatly. The number of retinal ganglion cells and retinal thickness were significantly higher than those in the Glaucoma group(P<0.05), and the number apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells was significantly lower than that of Glaucoma group(P<0.01); The expression of IGF1 and BDNF in the retina of the Glaucoma group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01), the expression of IGF1 and BDNF in the retina of the BMMSCs group was higher than that in the Glaucoma group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell vitreous cavity transplantation can improve glaucoma in rats and protect retinal ganglion cells.