方法：本研究共纳入46名20～24岁的成人及227名6～15岁的儿童(按年龄分为5组：6～7岁，8～9岁，10～11岁，12～13岁和14～15岁)。整体运动觉功能应用随机点图法进行检测，包括具有相同运动方向(向上或向下/向左或向右)随机点，其运动速度为1.0及5.0度/秒，本研究共检测4种情况下的整体运动觉功能。检查过程遵循“三下一上”的阶梯法心理物理学检查方法，被检者可以分辨具有相同运动方向的信号点的最小比例为整体运动觉阈值，每种情况下连续测量5次并取均值作为其最终阈值。应用两因素方差分析探讨年龄及性别对整体运动觉功能的影响。

结果：信号点以1.0度/秒在垂直方向运动时，性别和年龄均可影响整体运动觉(性别：F=10.533， P=0.001； 年龄：F=8.599，P<0.001)，成人女性及14～15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.013)及14～15岁男孩(P=0.030)。信号点以1.0度/秒在水平方向运动时，性别和年龄亦可影响整体运动觉(性别：F=12.073，P=0.001； 年龄：F=8.724，P<0.001)，成人女性及14～15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.004)及14～15岁男孩(P=0.009)。信号点以5.0度/秒在垂直方向运动时，性别可影响整体运动觉(F=6.826，P=0.010)，但是成人及儿童间无统计学差异(F=1.085，P=0.369)，成人女性阈值高于成人男性(P=0.002)。信号点以5.0度/秒在水平方向运动时，性别和年龄对整体运动觉的影响与同速度垂直方向相似(性别：F=7.775，P=0.006； 年龄：F=1.794，P=0.114)，成人女性及14～15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.001)及14～15岁男孩(P=0.017)。

结论：整体运动觉功能的性别差异仅存在于成人及大于14岁的儿童。

METHODS:A total of 46 adults aged between 20-24 years, and 227 children aged between 6-15 years who were divided into five age groups(6-7 years, 8-9 years, 10-11 years, 12-13 years, and 14-15 years), participated in this study. Global motion detection was evaluated with a random dot kinematogram test, with the proportion of the dots moving at the same direction(up vs down, or left vs right)varied in each trial. The speed of each dot consisted of 1.0 and 5.0 deg/s, therefore four conditions of dots moving were examined in this study. Subjects were asked to identify the direction of the perceived global motion in a three-down-one-up staircase algorithm. The minimal proportion of signal dots moving at the same direction for global motion to be perceived is defined as the threshold. Each subject was measured five times and the mean value was recorded in each condition. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis to accommodate the interaction between the two factors: age and sex maturation.

RESULTS:For signal dots moving vertically with 1.0 deg/s, the influence of gender and age on global motion detection was statistically significant(gender: F=10.533, P=0.001; age: F=8.599, P<0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.013)and 14-15 years boys(P=0.030). There was also a similar effect of gender and age for signal dots moving horizontally with 1.0 deg/s(gender: F=12.073, P=0.001; age: F=8.724, P<0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.004)and 14-15 years boys(P=0.009). For signal dots moving vertically with 5.0 deg/s, the influence of gender on global motion detection was statistically significant(F=6.826, P=0.010), while there was no difference between adults and children(F=1.085, P=0.369). The threshold for adult females was significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.002). Finally, for signal dots moving horizontally with 5.0 deg/s, there was a similar effect as dots moving vertically with the same speed(gender: F=7.775, P=0.006; age: F=1.794, P=0.114). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.001)and 14-15 years boys(P=0.017).

CONCLUSION: Gender difference in detecting global motion exists only in adults and children older than 14 years.