[关键词]
[摘要]
眼部瘙痒是眼表疾病的常见症状之一，人们对眼部瘙痒发生机制了解甚少，临床上往往只能通过使用滴眼液来暂缓眼部不适，眼部瘙痒常常令患者感到无比痛苦和不适。瘙痒感由初级神经元传入，主要是小直径无髓鞘的传入神经元纤维，其胞体位于背根神经节或三叉神经节，这些神经元将瘙痒感从皮肤传递到中枢神经系统。在脊髓中，这些传入神经与背角中的次级神经元突触相连并向大脑发出信号。瘙痒感觉神经元通常被认为是痛觉神经元的一个亚群。强度编码理论认为，在低发射率下，神经元的活动会导致瘙痒的感觉。随着分子生物学和神经科学技术的进步，发现Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体(Mrgpr)蛋白的一个主要功能是瘙痒，并且多数Mrgprs(所有MrgprA、MrgprB和MrgprC亚家族成员、MrgprD)几乎是排他的表达于特定的背根和三叉神经节神经元。本综述将介绍眼部瘙痒的发生机制及信号通路、Mrgpr蛋白在眼部瘙痒方面的作用，并为眼部瘙痒的治疗提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Ocular pruritus is one of the common symptoms of ocular surface diseases. People know little about the mechanism of ocular pruritus. In clinical practice, eye drops can only be used to relieve eye discomfort. Eye itch often makes patients feel extremely painful and uncomfortable. The itch is afferent from primary neurons, mainly small-diameter unmyelinated afferent neuron fibers, whose cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia or trigeminal ganglia. These neurons transmit the itch from the skin to the central nervous system. In the spinal cord, these afferent nerves synapse with secondary neurons in the dorsal horn and send signals to the brain. Pruritus sensory neurons are generally considered to be a subgroup of pain neurons. Intensity coding theory suggests that at low emissivity, neuronal activity can cause the sensation of itching. With the advancement of molecular biology and neuroscience technology, it was discovered that one of the main functions of Mrgpr(mas-related G protein-coupled receptor)protein is pruritus, and most of Mrgprs(all MrgprA, MrgprB and MrgprC subfamily members, and MrgprD)are almost exclusively expressed in specific dorsal root and trigeminal ganglion neurons. This review will introduce the mechanism and signal pathways of ocular pruritus, as well as the role of Mrgpr protein in ocular pruritus, and provide help for the treatment of ocular pruritus.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81660158); 江西省重点研发项目(No.20181BBG70004); 江西省杰出青年人才计划项目(No.20192BCBL23020); 中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(No.20211ZDG02003)
