[关键词]
[摘要]
近视性视网膜劈裂(MRS)是病理性近视的一大并发症。目前MRS的发病机制并不十分明确，可能是多种因素共同参与的结果，玻璃体后皮质及内界膜对视网膜的牵引被认为会导致视网膜劈裂的形成。另外，眼轴长度的延长和视网膜小动脉牵拉也与MRS的发病机制有关。MRS的诊断主要依赖于光学相干断层扫描、眼部B超及超广角眼底自发荧光检查结果。在MRS自然病程中，通常视力和视网膜厚度长期保持稳定，而引起黄斑部病变会导致视力逐渐下降，如黄斑裂孔、中央凹视网膜脱离、黄斑前膜。MRS的治疗方法主要有玻璃体切除术、黄斑扣带术等。本文主要对病理性近视视网膜劈裂的发病机制、检查方法、自然病程转归及治疗进展做一综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Myopic retinoschisis(MRS)is a major complication of pathological myopia. The pathogenesis of MRS is not yet fully understood and it can be the result of a number of different factors. The posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane(ILM)are thought to play a role in the formation of the retinal splitting. In addition, retinal arteriole traction has been associated with axial length extension and the pathogenesis of MRS. The diagnosis of MRS is done by using optical coherence tomography(OCT), B-mode ultrasound and ultra-wide field fundus autofluorescence(UWF-FAF). The main treatment methods of MRS are pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and the macular buckling technique(MB). This article reviews the pathogenesis, the course and the diagnostic methods of MRS, as well as, the treatment progress.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1710200,2019YFC1710203)
