目的：研究不同种类的转化生长因子β-1(TGF-β1)激活素受体样激酶(ALK)在翼状胬肉和正常结膜组织中的表达及其意义。方法：前瞻性研究。选取2020-06/12在徐州医科大学附属医院眼科就诊的40例手术中切除的翼状胬肉标本和40例白内障手术获取的正常结膜标本纳入本次研究。使用ALK1、ALK5免疫组织化学染色观察TGF-β1受体在胬肉和正常结膜组织中的表达定位，并统计染色阳性细胞比例； 使用RT-PCR检测ALK1、ALK5 mRNA在胬肉和结膜组织中的表达； 并以Western Blot检测ALK1、ALK5蛋白的表达。结果：根据免疫组织化学染色结果，ALK1在翼状胬肉组中的表达水平较正常结膜组明显升高，并且在整个翼状胬肉上皮细胞中均有表达，而在正常结膜组织中仅在上皮细胞的基底层中有表达； 两组上皮细胞基底层均检测到ALK5，而翼状胬肉组ALK5水平较正常结膜组下降。两组间ALK1、ALK5阳性细胞比例有显著的差异(均P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示，与结膜组织相比，ALK1 mRNA在翼状胬肉中的表达明显增强，ALK5的表达明显减弱，两组间有显著差异(均P<0.05)，Western Blot结果显示ALK1、ALK5蛋白的表达差异与RT-PCR结果基本一致。结论：翼状胬肉和正常结膜ALK的表达谱有明显的差异。与正常结膜组织相比，翼状胬肉组织的ALK1表达增强，ALK5表达减弱，表明TGF-β信号通路处于不同的活化状态，对于进一步研究翼状胬肉的发病机制提供实验依据。

AIM: To investigate the expression of different kinds of transforming growth factors beta- 1(TGF- β1)and changes of activin receptor-like kinase(ALK)in pterygium and normal conjunctiva tissues. METHODS: A total of 40 cases(40 eyes)of pterygium patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were selected. In the same period, 40 cases(40 eyes)of normal conjunctiva tissues removed from the eye due to cataract surgery were selected. The expression of TGF-β1 receptors(ALK1/ALK5)in pterygium and normal conjunctiva tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, with the proportion of positive staining cells counted. The expression of ALK1 and ALK5 mRNA and their proteins were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western Blot, respectively.RESULTS: According to immunohistochemistry results, the ALK1 expression level was increased more distinct in pterygium group, compared to the normal conjunctiva group, and it was detected throughout the full-thickness pterygium epithelial cells, while only in the basal layer of epithelial cells in normal conjunctiva tissues; the ALK5 was detected in the basal layer of epithelial cells in both groups, while its level was decreased in the pterygium group compared to normal conjunctiva group. There was significant difference in the proportion of ALK1 and ALK5 positive cells between the two groups(all P<0.05). The expression of the ALK1 mRNA and its protein in the pterygium tissues were significantly elevated, while the ALK5 mRNA level and its protein was significantly decreased, compared with the normal conjunctival group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal conjunctiva tissues, the expression of ALK1 and ALK5 in pterygium tissues was increased and decreased, respectively. This indicated different activation status of TGF-β signaling pathway, providing experimental evidence for further study on the pathogenesis of pterygium.