[关键词]
[摘要]
自体免疫系统在病毒性角膜炎中扮演重要角色，新近发现该系统的表面活性蛋白(SP)A和D在角膜炎中发挥重要作用。SP通过对病毒配体的高度亲和，抑制其黏附宿主细胞，进一步经调理作用促进吞噬细胞吞噬病毒。同时SP调节免疫细胞功能，保持组织在病毒感染早期的非炎症状态，保证组织发挥正常功能。而当病原菌入侵增加，机体呈应激状态时，SP-A和SP-D又能促进炎症反应，杀灭病原菌。在眼部，SP-A和SP-D能在角膜、结膜等部位表达，在腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、巨细胞病毒等主要致病病毒感染时，SP-A和SP-D可以通过与病毒结合，阻止病毒进入细胞，促进吞噬细胞吞噬病毒，以及直接中和杀灭病毒发挥抗病毒作用。此外，SP-A和SP-D还展示了作为病毒感染重要临床诊断工具的前景，以及将来有望应用重组SP作为治疗病毒性角膜炎的重要手段。本文就SP-A和SP-D在眼部病毒感染中的作用进行综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Innate immunity plays an important role in viral keratitis. Recently, it has been found that surfactant proteins(SP)A and D in the innate immune system are essential in viral keratitis. SP can inhibit virus adhesion to host cells and further promote phagocytosis of virus through high affinity for virus ligands. In order to ensure the normal function of tissues in the early stage of virus infection, SP regulates immune cells to maintain a non-inflammatory state. However, when pathogen invasion increases, SP promoted inflammation and increased the immune cells to kill the pathogens. SP-A and SP-D could be expressed in cornea, conjunctiva. To play the role of anti-adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and other major eye pathogenic viruses, SP-A and SP-D combine with the virus to prevent entry into cells, promote phagocytosis, and directly kill the virus. SP-A and SP-D may be used as clinical diagnostic tools for viral infection. In the future, recombinant SP is expected to be used as an important means for the treatment of viral keratitis. Here, we review the innate immune function of SP-A and SP-D in ocular viral infection.
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[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No. 81900816); 浙江省科技计划项目(No.2017C34004); 浙江省自然科学基金项目(No.LY14H12005)
