方法：前瞻性研究。选择2019-11/2020-02于邢台市人民医院眼科首次就诊的糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的患者纳入研究，随机按治疗方式分为阿柏西普组与雷珠单抗组，采用3+PRN(pro re nata)的治疗方案，两次注射时间间隔至少4wk，所有患者均先注射3次，随访时根据患者的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及黄斑部中心凹视网膜厚度(CFT)的大小决定是否再次注射，患者均完成12mo随访，记录治疗前后两组患者的BCVA、CFT、眼压以及注射次数的变化。

结果：两组患者的BCVA、CFT在术前及术后随访中均有差异(P<0.05)，两组间BCVA及CFT随访期间均无差异(P>0.05)。随访结束时，阿柏西普组平均注射次数为6.094±0.689次，雷珠单抗组为7.231±0.652次，比较无差异(t=-6.403，P<0.05)。所有患者均未出现眼部并发症以及全身不良反应。

结论：与玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗比较，注射阿柏西普注射液治疗DME能取得相似的治疗效果，且注射次数更少。

METHODS: Patients with DME who visited the ophthalmology department of Xingtai People's Hospital for the first time from November 2019 to February 2020 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group. 3+PRN(pro re nata)was used, and the interval time between two injections was at least 4wk. All patients were given three injections first. During follow-up, the patient's best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central foveal thickness(CFT)were used to determine whether to inject again. All patients were followed-up for 12mo. The changes of BCVA, CFT, intraocular pressure and injection times were recorded in two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTS: During preoperative and postoperative follow-up, there were statistical differences in LogMAR BCVA and CFT of the two groups respectively(P<0.05). The comparison between the two groups showed no statistical significance during the BCVA and the CFT follow-up(P>0.05). At the end of follow-up, there was a statistical difference in the number of injections between the two groups(t= -6.403, P<0.05). The average number of injections was 6.094±0.689 in the aflibercept group and 7.231±0.652 in the ranibizumab group. No ocular complications or systemic adverse reactions occurred in all patients.

CONCLUSION: Compared with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and aflibercept for the treatment of DME can achieve similar treatment effect, but the number of injections is less in the aflibercept.