方法：回顾性研究。以2018-01/2021-01高州市人民医院符合《中国早产儿视网膜病变的筛查指南(2014)》的161例新生儿为研究对象。采用Retcam Ⅲ对其进行眼底筛查。收集新生儿及母亲的临床资料。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析ROP发生的高危因素。

结果：符合纳入标准的161例新生儿中，ROP组26例(16.1%)、非ROP组135例(83.9%)。在单因素分析结果显示胎龄、新生儿红细胞计数、出生体质量、母亲年龄、妊娠期高血压病、受孕方式在两组间存在差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示胎龄(OR=0.549，95%CI：0.391～0.770，P=0.001)是ROP的保护因素，妊娠期高血压病(OR=3.947，95%CI：1.049～14.852，P=0.042)及辅助生殖(OR=4.632，95%CI：1.112～19.305，P=0.035)是ROP的危险因素。

结论：患儿胎龄是发生ROP的保护性因素，辅助生殖是发生ROP的危险因素。应高度关注低胎龄、采用辅助生殖技术孕生以及母亲患有妊娠期高血压病的患儿，实现早发现、早治疗，以减少ROP所致的眼盲。

METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 161 neonates in Gaozhou People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 who met the screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity in China(2014)were selected as subjects. Retcam Ⅲ was used for fundus screening. Clinical data of neonates and their mothers were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for ROP.

RESULTS: Among 161 neonates meeting the inclusion criteria, 26(16.1%)were in the ROP group and 135(83.9%)were in the non-ROP group. Gestational age, neonatal red blood cell count, birth weight, maternal age, gestational hypertension, method of conception showed statistical significance between the two groups(P<0.05)in Univariate analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age(OR=0.549, 95%CI: 0.391-0.770, P=0.001)is a protective factor of ROP, however, hypertension during pregnancy(OR=3.947, 95%CI: 1.049-14.852, P=0.042)and assisted reproductive(OR=4.632, 95%CI: 1.112-19.305, P=0.035)are risk factors of ROP.

CONCLUSION: Gestational age is a protective factor for ROP, and assisted reproduction is a risk factor for ROP. High attention should be paid to the neonates with low gestational age, assisted reproductive technology and whose mother has hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early screening, early detection, and early treatment of neonatal fundus may reduce blindness caused by ROP.