方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。纳入2019-01/2021-04于我院诊断为POAG患者48例88眼。招募本院学生、职工及其他科室患者家属43例86眼为正常对照组。使用免散瞳眼底照相机行免散瞳眼底照相检查。采用黄斑血管分割法进行黄斑区血管密度测定。根据黄斑区血管密度将POAG患者分为低血管密度组和高血管密度组，各24例。指导48例POAG的患者进行跑台负荷运动，比较高强度(76%～87%HRmax)、中等强度(64%～75%HRmax)和低强度(52%～63%HRmax)运动下患者的黄斑区血管密度水平。

结果：正常对照组患者的黄斑区血管密度明显高于POAG组患者； 与高血管密度组患者相比，低血管密度组患者的年龄、收缩压均明显较高，体质量明显较低； 低血管密度组和高血管密度组患者，在中等强度有氧运动下的黄斑区视网膜血管密度均明显高于低强度和高强度有氧运动； 收缩压和有氧运动是黄斑区血管密度的影响因素； 以上比较结果均有差异(P<0.05)。

结论：收缩压和有氧运动是黄斑区血管密度的影响因素，中等强度有氧运动可使低血管密度组和高血管密度组患者的黄斑区血管密度明显增加。

METHODS: Prospective case-control study, 88 eyes of 48 patients with POAG diagnosed in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were included(POAG group), 43 cases(86 eyes)were included in the normal control group(control group). The fundus photographic examination without mydriasis was performed with a mydriatic fundus camera, and the operation and film reading were carried out by a special ophthalmologist. Macular vascular density was measured by macular vascular segmentation method. According to macular vascular density, 48 patients with POAG were divided into low vascular density group and high vascular density group, with 24 cases in each group. 48 patients with POAG were instructed to perform treadmill load exercise to compare the vascular density levels in macular area of patients with high intensity(76%-87% HRmax), moderate intensity(64%-75% HRmax)and low intensity(52%-63% HRmax).

RESULTS: The vascular density in macular area of control group was significantly higher than that of POAG group; Compared with the high vascular density group, the age and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the low vascular density group, and the body weight was significantly lower; In both low and high vascular density groups, the retinal vascular density of macular area under moderate intensity aerobic exercise was significantly higher than that of low intensity and high intensity aerobic exercise; Systolic blood pressure and aerobic exercise were the influencing factors of vascular density in macular area; the above results showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Systolic blood pressure and aerobic exercise are factors affecting macular vascular density, and moderate intensity aerobic exercise can significantly increase macular vascular density.