[关键词]
[摘要]
年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是老年人不可逆视力损害的主要原因，以黄斑区玻璃膜疣的形成、色素紊乱、地图样萎缩、脉络膜新生血管形成为主要病理特征，视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞功能失调与ARMD关系密切。内质网是真核生物一个特殊的细胞器，主要负责蛋白的合成、修饰、整合和质量控制，并参与Ca2+稳态维持和脂质的生物合成。细胞内外环境的变化，导致内质网应激，激活细胞内的信号转导通路——未折叠蛋白反应，以恢复细胞功能和维持细胞内环境稳态。但长期强烈的内质网应激可能导致内质网动态平衡难以恢复，而触发细胞凋亡。ARMD的发病机制尚未完全阐明，但大量研究证明内质网应激与其相关。本文就内质网应激的信号转导通路、内质网应激在RPE中的生理作用及内质网应激可能介导ARMD的机制作一综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a main cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The major pathological features are drusen formation, macular pigment disorder, geographic atrophy and abnormal neovascularization. Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)function is impaired in ARMD. Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is an organelle in eukaryotes responsible for protein synthesis, modification, integration and quality control. ER also participates in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis and lipid biosynthesis. Stimuli from the external and internal environment may trigger ER stress and therefore activate the intracellular signal transduction pathway-the unfolded protein response(UPR), to restore cell homeostasis. However, prolonged ER stress may lead to apoptosis. The pathogenesis of ARMD has not been fully elucidated, nevertheless, compelling evidence demonstrates that ER stress is involved. In this article, we summarize recent advances in UPR pathways, as well as the role of ER stress in the physiological function of RPE and in the pathogenesis of ARMD.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(No.81660167); 云南省卫生健康委员会医学后备人才培养计划(No.H-2019057)
