[关键词]
[摘要]
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一种小分子非编码RNA，是转录后调节基因表达关键因子，参与调控细胞分化、增殖和新陈代谢等多种生物学过程。在糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生发展过程中miRNAs表达差异改变明显，国内外多项研究表明miRNAs调控基因的表达与DR生理病理机制关系密切。部分特异性表达的miRNAs可以通过调控视网膜中氧化应激与炎症反应水平等影响DR发生发展，因此通过增强或抑制这部分miRNAs可以延缓DR病情进展。单个或多个miRNAs的组合可以作为DR新型的转录组学生物标志物，也是未来治疗DR的潜在有效靶点。目前针对血液或体液中特定miRNAs的检测有助于DR的早期干预治疗和病情随访追踪。因此，本文主要对miRNAs及其参与调控DR的分子机制、治疗前景及生物标志物的相关研究进展作一综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are micromolecule non-coding RNA that play a key role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and are involved in regulating various biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation and metabolism.The expression of miRNAs varies significantly in the process of the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy(DR), many domestic and foreign studies have shown that miRNAs are closely related to the physiological and pathological mechanism of DR by regulating gene expression. Partial miRNAs that specifically expressed can regulate the level of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the retina and affect the occurrence and development of DR. Therefore, the progression of DR can be delayed by enhancing or inhibiting these miRNAs. The combination of single or multiple miRNAs can serve as novel transcriptome biomarkers for DR, and it is also a potential effective target for future treatment of DR. Current detection of specific miRNAs in blood or body fluids is helpful for early intervention and follow-up of DR. Therefore, this review focuses on the research progress of miRNAs and their molecular mechanisms, therapeutic prospects and biomarkers involved in DR regulation.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(No.81473735)
