方法：病例对照研究。分析2019-01/2021-07因首次(出生30d左右)ROP筛查就诊于我院并且确诊为ROP的317例早产儿或低出生体重儿及其母亲的临床资料。观察母亲缺铁性贫血与ROP发病、ROP分期的关系，母亲缺铁性贫血Hb及血值特征、母亲缺铁性贫血平均孕龄、孕周及婴儿出生体质量与ROP分期的关系。

结果：存在缺铁性贫血的母亲235例(74.1%)，82例(25.9%)母亲无铁缺乏。其中轻度贫血母亲194例(82.6%)，其ROP患儿Ⅰ期119例和Ⅱ期75例； 中度贫血母亲39例(16.6%)，其ROP患儿Ⅱ期8例、Ⅲ期22例和Ⅳ期9例； 重度贫血母亲2例(0.9%)，其ROP患儿均为Ⅳ期； 本次未发现Ⅴ期及阈值病变ROP患儿和极重度贫血母亲。与缺铁性贫血母亲相比，铁水平正常母亲的早产儿或低出生体重儿更易发生Ⅰ期ROP，但是Ⅱ期ROP在缺铁性贫血母亲中表现更为突出(均P<0.05)； Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期早产儿或低出生体重儿ROP在血铁值正常的母亲中未观察到，但在缺铁性贫血母亲中的发生率分别为9.4%和4.7%(P<0.05)； Ⅴ期和阈值病变早产儿或低出生体重儿ROP在血铁值正常或缺铁性贫血的母亲中均未观察到。与铁水平正常母亲相比，缺铁性贫血母亲的血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、血清铁及铁蛋白水平显著降低，且平均孕龄高、孕周短及婴儿出生体质量轻(均P<0.05)。

结论：母亲缺铁性贫血与早产儿或低出生体重儿ROP的发生发展存在一定关联，母亲贫血越重，其孩子ROP分期可能越重。因此，孕妇在怀孕期间监测和补充铁可有效预防和降低ROP的风险。

METHODS: This study was a case-control study. The clinical data of 317 premature or low birth weight infants who were diagnosed with ROP and their mothers in our hospital during January 2019 to July 2021 due to ROP screening for the first time(about 30d after birth)were analyzed. The relationship between maternal iron deficiency anemia and ROP and its stages were observed. And the relationship between Hb, blood value characteristics, mean gestational age, gestational weeks, infant birth weight of maternal iron deficiency anemia and ROP stage.

RESULTS: There were 235 mothers(74.1%)with iron deficiency anemia, 82 mothers(25.9%)without iron deficiency. Among them, there were 194 mothers(82.6%)with mild anemia according to anemia classification, 119 cases with stage Ⅰ ROP and 75 cases with stage Ⅱ ROP. There were 39 mothers(16.6%)with moderate anemia, 8 cases with stage Ⅱ ROP, 22 cases with stage Ⅲ ROP and 9 cases with stage Ⅳ ROP. There were 2 mothers(0.9%)of severe anemia, all of whom had stage Ⅳ ROP. No children with stage Ⅴ or threshold ROP and mothers with very severe anemia were found in this study. Compared with mothers with iron deficiency anemia, premature infants or low birth weight infants with normal iron levels were more likely to have stage Ⅰ ROP, but stage Ⅱ ROP was more pronounced in mothers with iron deficiency anemia, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ ROP was not observed in the mothers with normal serum iron, but was 9.4% and 4.7% in the mothers with iron deficiency anemia, respectively. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Stage Ⅴ and threshold lesions ROP was not observed in preterm or low birth weight infants in mothers with normal serum iron values or iron deficiency anemia. Compared with mothers with normal iron levels, mothers with iron deficiency anemia had significantly lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte volume, serum iron and ferritin levels. At the same time, the higher mean gestational age, mean shorter gestational week and mean lower birth weight in the mothers with iron deficiency anemia, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Pregnant iron-deficiency anemia is associated with the occurrence and development of ROP in premature or low birth weight infants. The more severe maternal anemia, the higher maybe stage of ROP. Therefore, monitoring and supplementation of iron during pregnancy can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of ROP.