圆锥角膜是一种慢性非炎症性的角膜疾病，以角膜基质变薄、局部扩张呈锥形突出为特征，伴不规则散光和近视，严重威胁视力。角膜地形图可明确诊断，光学相干断层扫描技术因其可以显示角膜亚层结构且具有优越的可重复性、分辨率和采集速度，在圆锥角膜的诊疗中发挥着日益重要的作用。本文对圆锥角膜的临床特点、光学相干断层技术的分类和特点及其在圆锥角膜的早期诊断、角膜接触镜验配、交联治疗及角膜移植等中应用的新进展予以讨论和回顾，同时也归纳了光学相干断层扫描的衍生技术包括光学相干弹性成像、光学相干断层扫描血管造影和偏振敏感光学相干断层扫描在圆锥角膜方面的研究进展，有助于进一步发挥光学相干技术在圆锥角膜中的应用价值。

Keratoconus is a chronic, non-inflammatory corneal disease, characterized by thinning of the corneal stroma and local corneal dilation with cone-shaped protrusion, and it usually leads to irregular astigmatism and myopia, posing great threat to eyesight. Corneal topography is the primary diagnostic tool for confirming keratoconus, while optical coherence tomography is now playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus due to its ability of corneal sublayer imaging and superiority in repeatability, resolution, and data acquisition speed. This article discusses and reviews the clinical characteristics of keratoconus, the classification and characteristics of optical coherence tomography and its novel applications in the early diagnosis of keratoconus, contact lens fitting, corneal cross-linking therapy, and corneal transplantation; furthermore, progress in derivative technologies including optical coherence elastography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography associated with keratoconus is included in this article. We hope our study will help to further exploit the role of optical coherence technology in clinical keratoconus management.

促进市级医院临床技能与临床创新能力三年计划项目(No.SHDC2020CR1043B)