目的：分析探讨手术结束时玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合25G微创玻璃体切割手术(PPV)在治疗早期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)合并玻璃体积血的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性研究分析就诊于南京医科大学眼科医院患有PDR合并有玻璃体积血需要行平坦部PPV患者60例60眼。依据患者注药时间分为术毕联合康柏西普注射组(A组)20例20眼、术前康柏西普注射组(B组)20例20眼和无注射(C组)20例20眼三组进行观察分析，分析三组患者的手术前后视力、眼压、术中情况、术后预后及并发症的差异。结果：三组患者的手术前基本情况及手术时间均无差异，三组术中均未出现医源性裂孔、硅油填充，术后均未出现复发性视网膜脱离。三组术后1、3、6mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)均较术前改善(P<0.05)，注射组(A组和B组)术眼术后BCVA改善程度均优于无注射组(C组)，均有差异(P<0.05)。A组术后晚期玻璃体积血(术后1mo之后)发生率明显低于B组和C组(均P<0.05)。注射组(A组和B组)术眼中央视网膜厚度在术后1、3、6mo均低于无注射组(C组)，均有差异(P<0.05)。结论：术毕注射康柏西普同术前注射康柏西普均可安全有效治疗早期PDR，显著提高患者术后视力，而手术结束时注射康柏西普能够减少晚期玻璃体积血复发的概率，使得PPV治疗取得更好的效果，有助于改善患者的视网膜和视功能，提高患者生活质量。

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with 25G minimally invasive pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)at the end of surgery for early proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)with vitreous hemorrhage.METHODS: A total of 60 patients(60 eyes)with PDR complicated with vitreous hemorrhage requiring PPV at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the injection timing of Conbercept, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 20 patients(20 eyes)injected at the end of the surgery(group A), 20 patients(20 eyes)injected preoperatively(group B), and 20 patients(20 eyes)without injection(group C). The differences in pre- and post-operative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intraoperative conditions, prognosis, and complications were analyzed among the 3 groups.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the preoperative conditions and operation time among the patients. There was no iatrogenic retinal hole or silicone oil tamponade during the operation in the 3 groups, and no recurrent retinal detachment occurred after the operations. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at 1, 3 and 6mo of all groups were improved compared with those before the surgery(P<0.05), and the injection groups(group A and group B)had a significantly better postoperative improvement than the non-injection group(group C), and there were significant differences(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative late vitreous hemorrhage(1mo after operation)in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and C(P<0.05). The central retinal thickness of the operated eyes in the injection groups(groups A and B)was significantly lower than that in the non-injection group(group C)at 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Conbercept injection at the end of the surgery and preoperative injection are both safe and effective for early PDR and can significantly improve postoperative visual acuity. However, Conbercept injection at the end of surgery can reduce the risk of late vitreous hemorrhage recurrence, leading to better PPV outcomes and improving patients' retinal and visual function and quality of life.